Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Modes of feedback in ESL writing: Implications of shifting from text to screencast Kelly J. Cunningham Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, English Language and Literature Commons, Instructional Media Design Commons, and the Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Cunningham, Kelly J., "Modes of feedback in ESL writing: Implications of shifting from text to screencast" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16336. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16336 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modes of feedback in ESL writing: Implications of shifting from text to screencast by Kelly J Cunningham A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-Majors: Applied Linguistics and Technology, Human Computer Interaction Program of Study Committee: Tammy Slater, Co-Major Professor Jared Danielson, Co-Major Professor Evgeny Chukharev-Khudilainen Elena Cotos Geoffrey Sauer The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2018 Copyright ©, Kelly J Cunningham, 2018. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents, who will see it as a bigger deal than I do. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................x CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................1 Impact points of mode in technology-mediated feedback ..................................3 Text-based electronic feedback ..........................................................................4 Audio feedback ...................................................................................................6 Screencast video feedback ..................................................................................9 Managing negative feedback ............................................................................15 Relationship in feedback ..................................................................................17 A framework for investigating the interpersonal language of feedback ..........20 Learner training with technology-mediated feedback ......................................23 Understanding revision with technology-mediated feedback ..........................24 Connecting literature with the current project ..................................................25 Dissertation overview .......................................................................................27 CHAPTER 2. STUDENT PERCEPTIONS AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY- MEDIATED TEXT AND SCREENCAST FEEDBACK IN ESL WRITING ...31 Abstract .............................................................................................................31 Technology and feedback .................................................................................32 Electronic text feedback comments in SLW ...............................................33 Video feedback ............................................................................................35 Student interaction with technology-mediated feedback ............................39 The present study ..............................................................................................40 Methodology .....................................................................................................41 Participants ..................................................................................................41 Materials ......................................................................................................44 Tasks ......................................................................................................44 Feedback ................................................................................................44 Data collection instruments .........................................................................46 Surveys ...................................................................................................46 Screencast revisions ...............................................................................46 Interviews ...............................................................................................46 iv Procedures ...................................................................................................47 Data collected ..............................................................................................48 Analysis .......................................................................................................49 Results and discussion ......................................................................................52 Student perceptions .....................................................................................53 Student use of feedback ...............................................................................60 Draft comparisons, noticing and revision ..............................................60 Questions and help patterns ...................................................................61 Revision behavior ..................................................................................62 Conclusion and implications ............................................................................65 Appendix ..........................................................................................................70 CHAPTER 3. APPRAISAL AS A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING MULTIMODAL ELECTRONIC FEEDBACK: POSITIONING AND PURPOSE IN SCREENCAST VIDEO AND TEXT FEEDBACK IN ESL WRITING ............................................................................................................71 Abstract .............................................................................................................71 Screencast video feedback ................................................................................74 Framework considerations for multimodal feedback .......................................76 APPRAISAL as a framework for analysing feedback .........................................78 The present study ..............................................................................................84 Methods ............................................................................................................85 Data analysis ...............................................................................................87 Trustworthiness ...........................................................................................90 Findings ............................................................................................................91 APPRECIATION in screencast and text feedback ...........................................91 GRADUATION of APPRECIATION in screencast and text feedback ................94 Engagement in screencast and text feedback ..............................................96 Conclusion ........................................................................................................99 Positioning and purpose of feedback .........................................................100 Considerations for future work .................................................................103 CHAPTER 4. HOW TECHNOLOGY CHANGES LANGUAGE AND FEEDBACK: APPRAISAL IN TEXT AND SCREENCAST FEEDBACK ON ESL WRITING ...........................................................................................107 Abstract ...........................................................................................................107 Interpersonal aspects of feedback ...................................................................109 Theoretical and conceptual framework ..........................................................113 APPRAISAL .................................................................................................115 ENGAGEMENT .......................................................................................116 ATTITUDE .............................................................................................118 GRADUATION ........................................................................................121 Methodology ...................................................................................................122 Data collection ...........................................................................................123