May 2013 IMMIGRATION DETENTION AND THE RULE OF LAW NATIONAL REPORT: UNITED KINGDOM Alexis Cooke Contents List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 4 Immigration Detention Statistics ....................................................................................................... 6 The number of people in detention:.............................................................................................. 6 The type of people in detention: ................................................................................................... 6 The average duration of detention: ............................................................................................... 8 The average daily cost of detention per person: ............................................................................ 9 Arbitrariness ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Reasons for Detention .................................................................................................................... 10 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 10 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 11 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 13 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 15 Who has the Authority to Detain? ................................................................................................... 15 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 15 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 17 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 17 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 17 The Detained Fast Track .................................................................................................................. 18 Legislation and UKBA policy ........................................................................................................ 19 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 21 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 25 What is a Fair Hearing? ................................................................................................................... 25 Case law and commentary .......................................................................................................... 25 Duration of Detention ..................................................................................................................... 26 Legislation and UKBA policy ........................................................................................................ 26 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 27 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Alternatives to Detention ................................................................................................................ 28 Legislation and UKBA policy ........................................................................................................ 28 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 29 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 31 Bail.................................................................................................................................................. 32 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 32 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 32 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 33 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 35 Automatic Review of Detention Order ............................................................................................ 36 Continuous Review of the Appropriateness of Detention ................................................................ 36 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 36 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 36 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 37 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 37 Access to Justice and the Right of Appeal ........................................................................................ 38 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 38 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 39 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 40 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 40 Right to Compensation ................................................................................................................... 41 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Places of Detention ......................................................................................................................... 41 Legislation ................................................................................................................................... 42 UKBA policy................................................................................................................................. 42 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 43 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 44 Access to Healthcare ....................................................................................................................... 46 Legislation and UKBA policy ........................................................................................................ 46 Commentary ............................................................................................................................... 47 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 49 Protection of Vulnerable People ..................................................................................................... 51 Children and families .................................................................................................................. 51 The mentally ill............................................................................................................................ 52 Other .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Case law ...................................................................................................................................... 56 Access to Legal Aid and Advice ........................................................................................................ 57 Restrictions on Movement .............................................................................................................. 59 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix 1: Case Table ..................................................................................................................