Local Transport Note 1/07 March 2007 Traffc Calming Local Transport Note 01/07 Traffic Calming Department for Transport Department for Regional Development (Northern Ireland) Scottish Executive Welsh Assembly Government London: TSO Traffic Calming 1 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 6005522 Fax orders: 0870 6005533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone: 0870 240 3701 TSO Shops 123 Kingsway, London WC2B 6PQ 020 7242 6393 Fax 020 7242 6394 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ 0870 606 5566 Fax 0870 606 5588 TSO@Blackwell and other Accredited Agents © Crown copyright 2007, except where otherwise stated Copyright in the typographical arrangement rests with the Crown. This publication, excluding logos, may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium for non-commercial research, private study or for internal circulation within an organisation. This is subject to it being reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The copyright source of the material must be acknowledged and the title of the publication specified. For any other use of this material, apply for a Click-Use Licence at www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/index.htm, or by writing to the Licensing Division, Office of Public Sector Information, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ, fax 01603 723000, e-mail [email protected] First published 2007 ISBN 978 011 552795 1 Printed in the United Kingdom for TSO N5407880 c15 03/07 Printed in Great Britain on paper containing at least 75% recycled fibre. 2 Traffic Calming Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................7 1.1 Background .........................................................................................................................7 1.2 Early traffic calming ...........................................................................................................10 1.3 Modern traffic calming .......................................................................................................10 2 General considerations ............................................................................12 2.1 Traffic calming legislation ..................................................................................................12 2.2 Traffic calming as part of the local road safety strategy and local transport plan .............13 2.3 Use of traffic calming for security purposes (e.g. anti-terrorism)....................................... 14 2.4 Consultation .......................................................................................................................14 2.5 Routes for buses ...............................................................................................................15 2.6 Routes for emergency service vehicles .............................................................................18 2.7 Vulnerable road users........................................................................................................19 2.8 Road lighting ......................................................................................................................26 2.9 Monitoring of a scheme .....................................................................................................27 2.10 Public attitudes to schemes ...............................................................................................28 2.11 Impact of traffic calming schemes on street activity ..........................................................30 2.12 Environmental impact of traffic calming schemes..............................................................30 3 Traffic-calmed areas .................................................................................31 3.1 Shared road space ............................................................................................................31 3.2 Roads with 20 mph speed limits ........................................................................................34 3.3 Roads with 30 mph speed limits ........................................................................................38 3.4 Roads with 40 mph speed limits ........................................................................................39 Traffic Calming 3 3.5 Roads with speed limits greater than 40 mph ....................................................................40 3.6 Town centres .....................................................................................................................40 3.7 Historic areas .....................................................................................................................41 3.8 Villages and rural areas ....................................................................................................42 4 Road humps ...............................................................................................47 4.1 Background .......................................................................................................................47 4.2 Types of road hump ...........................................................................................................48 4.3 Cost and maintenance .......................................................................................................57 4.4 Effectiveness .....................................................................................................................57 4.5 Environmental impact ........................................................................................................61 5 Rumble devices and overrun areas .........................................................67 5.1 Types of rumble devices ....................................................................................................67 5.2 Cost and maintenance .......................................................................................................69 5.3 Effectiveness .....................................................................................................................69 5.4 Environmental impact ........................................................................................................70 5.5 Overrun areas....................................................................................................................71 6 Narrowings and chicanes .........................................................................73 6.1 Background .......................................................................................................................73 6.2 Signing ...............................................................................................................................74 6.3 Narrowings .......................................................................................................................74 6.4 Chicanes............................................................................................................................76 6.5 Cost and maintenance .......................................................................................................78 6.6 Effectiveness .....................................................................................................................79 6.7 Environmental impact ........................................................................................................81 4 Traffic Calming 7 Gateways and entry treatments ...............................................................83 7.1 Background .......................................................................................................................83 7. 2 Gateways to villages ..........................................................................................................83 7.3 Entry treatments ................................................................................................................84 7.4 Effectiveness .....................................................................................................................85 7.5 Environmental impact ........................................................................................................85 8 Roundabouts .............................................................................................86 8.1 Background .......................................................................................................................86 8.2 Types of roundabouts ........................................................................................................86 8.3 Costs and maintenance .....................................................................................................87 8.4 Effectiveness .....................................................................................................................87 8.5 Environmental impact ........................................................................................................88 9 Vehicle activated devices .........................................................................90 9.1 Vehicle activated signs ......................................................................................................90 9.2 Speed cameras .................................................................................................................90