Report Assessment of Water Sector in Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 2010 This report has been put together by Dr. Ir. Yegor Volovik, an independent consultant in the field of IWRM. Dr. Volovik visited Turkmenistan with a screening mission in the period November 10-20, 2009. During this mission a series of meetings in the UNDP Country Office and in the key agencies responsible for water resource management were organised and supported. The contents of this report do not reflect the official positions or views of UNDP, nor those of the agencies visited by the consultant. Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, March 2010 Assessment of Water Sector in Turkmenistan i Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 8 2. Administrative Organisation of Governance in Turkmenistan ............................................... 11 3. Review of Water Resources and Water Management Objects ............................................... 13 3.1. General Information on Turkmenistan ...................................................................................... 13 3.2. Water Use Composition ............................................................................................................ 13 3.3. Water Resources of Turkmenistan ............................................................................................ 14 3.4. Water Management Objects ...................................................................................................... 17 4. Review of Legal Frameworks ................................................................................................. 18 4.1. Review of International Agreements/Declarations ................................................................... 18 4.1.1. The Amu Darya .................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.2. Transboundary Cooperation within other River Basins ....................................................... 20 4.2. Review of National Legal Framework ...................................................................................... 21 4.2.1. Composition of National Legal Framework ........................................................................ 21 4.2.2. The Water Code of Turkmenistan (2004) ............................................................................ 22 4.2.3. Other Water Resource Related Legislation .......................................................................... 25 4.3. Gaps and Opportunities ............................................................................................................. 26 5. Review of Institutional Structures and Main Functions.......................................................... 28 5.1. International Institutional Mechanisms ..................................................................................... 28 5.1.1. The Interstate Coordination Water Commission (ICWC).................................................... 28 5.1.2. The Interstate Fund for the Aral Sea (IFAS) ........................................................................ 29 5.1.3. The Interstate Commission on Sustainable Development (ICSD) ....................................... 29 5.1.4. The United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia (UNRCCA) .......................................................................................................................... 30 5.2. Governmental Stakeholder Organisations and Main Functions in Water Sector ...................... 30 5.3. The Present Systems of Monitoring and Information Management ......................................... 34 5.3.1. Monitoring Systems ............................................................................................................. 34 5.3.2. Systems for Storage of Monitoring Information .................................................................. 37 5.3.3. Systems for Storage of Reported Data (2TP-Vodkhoz) ....................................................... 38 5.4. SWOT Analysis of Institutional Setup in Water Sector ............................................................ 38 5.4.1. Structures, Management and Coordination Procedures ....................................................... 39 5.4.2. Monitoring and Information Systems .................................................................................. 40 6. Review of Water Supply and Sanitation Sector ...................................................................... 41 6.1. A Brief Review of the Current Situation in WSS sector in Turkmenistan ................................ 41 6.1.1. Water Supply ....................................................................................................................... 41 Assessment of Water Sector in Turkmenistan 6.1.2. Sanitation and Sewerage Systems ........................................................................................ 42 6.1.3. The State Policy ................................................................................................................... 42 6.1.4. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks ...................................................................................... 43 6.1.5. Participation of Private Sector ............................................................................................. 43 6.1.6. Public Participation .............................................................................................................. 44 6.1.7. Financing of WSS ................................................................................................................ 44 6.2. Recommendations for Improving WSS Sector ......................................................................... 45 6.2.1. Urban WSS .......................................................................................................................... 45 6.2.2. Rural WSS ........................................................................................................................... 45 7. Review of Demonstrational and Pilot Activities .................................................................... 49 7.1. Transition towards IWRM in Lower Reaches and Deltas of Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers. The Pre-Feasibility Study. ......................................................................................................... 49 7.2. Other Smaller-Scale Interventions in Turkmenistan ................................................................. 51 8. Review of Internationally Funded IWRM Activities in Central Asia .................................... 51 8.1. Developing the Kazakhstan National Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Water Efficiency Plan ............................................................................................................... 51 8.2. The UNEP and UCC-Water Sub-Regional Program for Central Asia: “Speedup of IWRM- 2005 Goals Implementation in Central Asia” ........................................................................... 53 8.3. Water Governance in Central Asia Project ............................................................................... 55 8.4. Promoting IWRM and Fostering Transboundary Dialogue in Central Asia ............................. 56 9. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 57 10. References ............................................................................................................................... 61 Annexes Appendix A. “Idea Pipeline” on Interventions in Water Sector Based on Emerging Opportunities .... 62 Figures Figure 1 The Roadmap for Implementing IWRM .........................................................................................8 Figure 2 The Overall Approach to Water Management Sector Analysis ...................................................10 Figure 3 The Administrative Organisation of Turkmenistan ......................................................................12 Figure 4 Water Resources and Water Management Objects of Turkmenistan ...........................................16 Figure 5 Institutional Structure of Water Resource Management Agencies ...............................................32 Figure 6 Agencies and Organisations Performing Monitoring of Water Resources ...................................36 Figure 7 Distribution of Issues Identified in RWSS Sector ........................................................................48 Assessment of Water Sector in Turkmenistan iii Tables Table 1 General Information on Turkmenistan (2005) ...............................................................................11 Table 2 Water Use Composition in Turkmenistan (2TP-Vodkhoz Reports, 2008) ....................................14 Table 3 Water Resources of Turkmenistan .................................................................................................15 Table 4 Technical Parameters of Water Supply Systems in Turkmenistan.................................................41 Table 5 Operation Indicators of Water Supply Systems in Turkmenistan ..................................................41 Table 6 Data on Sewerage Systems in Turkmenistan .................................................................................42