For Official Use DSTI/STP/GSF(2016)11/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL POLICY For Official Use Official For DSTI/STP/GSF(2016)11/FINAL OECD Global Science Forum REPORT OF THE ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL FORUM (APIF) Authors of this report are Members of the Astroparticle Physics International Forum (annex 1). Contacts: Carthage Smith ([email protected]) and Qian Dai ([email protected]). English Complete document available on OLIS in its original format - Or. 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All requests for commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. 2 REPORT OF THE ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL FORUM (APIF) TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................... 4 About this report .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1. APIF ACTIVITIES, 2011-2016, AND BEYOND ...................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background and Overview .................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 APIF Activities .................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Exchange of information ............................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Exploration of the prospects for joint actions ................................................................................ 12 1.2.3 Consultation on science policy issues ........................................................................................... 12 1.2.4 Discussion on the future development of APIF ............................................................................ 13 1.3 Future APIF structure and hosting arrangements ................................................................................ 14 2. PROGRESS IN KEY SCIENTIFIC DOMAINS IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS ............................... 15 2.1 What is the Universe made of? ............................................................................................................ 15 2.1.1 Dark Matter ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Dark Energy .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.1.3 Cosmic Microwave Background ................................................................................................... 19 2.2 What is the role of high-energy phenomena in the Universe? ............................................................. 20 2.2.1 High-Energy Messengers .............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2 Gravitational Waves ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.3 What is the nature of matter and interactions at the highest energy scale? .......................................... 23 2.3.1 Neutrino Mixing and Proton Decay .............................................................................................. 24 2.3.2 Neutrino Mass ............................................................................................................................... 25 Concluding comments ............................................................................................................................... 26 3. BENEFITS OF ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS TO OTHER SCIENCES AND SOCIETY .................... 27 3.1 Examples of impact on technology transfer ......................................................................................... 27 3.2 Examples of impact on other scientific disciplines .............................................................................. 28 3.3 Examples of impact on society beyond science and technology ......................................................... 29 Concluding comments ............................................................................................................................... 30 APPENDIX 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR APIF, 2011-2016 ............................................................. 31 APPENDIX 2. THE ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL FORUM AGREEMENT, 2017 ONWARDS ................................................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIX 3. A LIST OF APIF MEETINGS AND VENUES, 2011-2016 ............................................... 36 NOTES AND REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 37 3 REPORT OF THE ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL FORUM (APIF) LIST OF ACRONYMS ACT Atacama Cosmology Telescope AGN Active Galactic Nuclei AMS Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ANTARES Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch APIF Astroparticle Physics International Forum ApPEC Astroparticle Physics European Consortium of Funding Agencies ApPIC Astroparticle Physics International Committee ARA Askaryan Radio Array ArDM Argon Dark Matter ARIANNA Antarctic Ross Ice-Shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array ASPERA Astro Particle European Research Area network for funding agencies ATLAS A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS BAO Baryon Acoustic Oscillations BICEP Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization BOREXINO Italian Diminutive of BOREX (Boron Solar Neutrino Experiment) BOSS Baryon acoustic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey CCD Charge-coupled Device CDM Cold Dark Matter CEA French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research CHIME Canadian HI Mapping Experiment CLASS Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor CMB Cosmic Microwave Background CMS Compact Muon Solenoid CNES French Space Agency CO2 Carbon Dioxide COBE Cosmic Background Explorer COrE+ Cosmic Origins Explorer + CP Charge-parity CTA Cherenkov Telescope Array CTIO Cerro Tololo Inter-american Observatory CUORE Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events DECam Dark Energy camera DES Dark Energy Survey DESI Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument DM Dark Matter 4 REPORT OF THE ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL FORUM (APIF) DOE Department of Energy DUNE Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment EBEX E and B Experiment eBOSS Extended Baryon acoustic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey EC European Commission EGO European Gravitational Observatory ESA European Space Agency ESSENCE Equation of State: SupErNovae trace Cosmic Expansion ETHZ Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich EUSO Extreme Universe Space Observatory EXO Enriched Xenon Observatory Fermi-LAT Fermi Large Area Telescope GSF Global Science Forum GUT Grand Unified Theories GWIC Gravitational Wave International Committee H.E.S.S.