Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan (2021) 10(1): 71-79 DEPIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Journal homepage: www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/depik Analysis of hairtail (Trichiurus sp.) fishing by handlines in Palabuhanratu Bay, West Java Mohammad Imron1,*, Didin Komarudin1, Arik Permana2, Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita 1, Ari Purbayanto1 1Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 2IPB Fisheries and Marine Observation Station (IFMOS), Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The waters of Palabuhanratu Bay are fertile and rich with fish resources. For a long time, fishermen have used Fishing season pattern the fish resources in these waters. Hairtail (Trichiurus sp.) was one of the fish resources in Palabuhanratu Bay Hairtail fish that caught by fishermen using handlines. Fishery production landed at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port in 2019 was Fishing ground 5,414,240 kg with a total hairtail production of 314,107 kg. The problem raised in this study was knowing the Palabuhanratu Bay right hairtail fishing season so that it provides optimum benefits for fishermen. In addition, knowing potential fishing areas could assist fishermen in choosing their fishing time and fishing ground. The purpose of this study was to describe the hairtail fishing unit, to analyze the catch composition of handline, to analyze the fishing season patterns of hairtail fish, and to analyze hairtail fishing ground in Palabuhanratu bay. The results of the analysis showed that the fishing season for hairtail (Trichiurus sp.) in the waters of Palabuhanratu Bay lasts for 5 years with the peak in October. However, the reality is that fishing operations can be carried out throughout the year. The average catch per unit effort (CPUE) of hairtail (Trichiurus sp) duringfishing seasons was 11.32 kg/trip in 2019. The potential fishing ground was in the waters of West Ujung Genteng, Southern waters of DOI: 10.13170/depik.10.1.19683 Sawarna, Southern waters of Karanghawu and the waters of West Ujung Karang Bentang. Introduction potential and strategic for fishing, this is evidenced Sukabumi Regency, West Java is bordered to the that the catch landed at the Palabuhanratu Fishing south by the Indian Ocean, whereas to the west it is Port classified as high economic value fish., for bordered by Lebak Regency, Banten Province, to example: hairtail (Trichiurus sp.), tuna (Thunnus sp.), the east by Cianjur Regency, and to the north by little tuna (Euthynnus sp.), snapper (Lutjanus sp.), Bogor Regency. The coastal area of Palabuhanratu mackerel (Scomberromo sp.), and various other types Bay is geographically located at the position of of fish. The waters of Palabuhanratu Bay are a 6°50'-6°55' south latitude and 106°25'-106°50' east potential area for capture fisheries, all fishery longitude. Administratively, there are 4 (four) production landed at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port in districts in the coastal area of Palabuhanratu Bay, 2019 was 5,414,240 kg with hairtail fish production namely Simpenan, Palabuhanratu, Cikakak, and of 314,107 kg (DKP, 2020). Cisolok districts. Palabuhanratu is the southern Hairtail fish are widespread in all tropical and coastal waters of West Java, which direct with the subtropical waters in the world (Sari, 2008). This Indian Ocean so that the oceanographic fish in Indonesia is scattered and found in almost all characteristics of these waters are strongly Indonesian coastal waters (Airlangga et al., 2018). influenced by the oceanographic characteristics of According to Ahmad (2008), hairtail fish generally the Indian Ocean. live in subtropical to tropical climates. Hairtail fish The waters of Palabuhanratu Bay are very habitat includes marine waters, estuaries, coastal * Corresponding author. Email address: [email protected] p-ISSN 2089-7790; e-ISSN 2502-6194 Received 25 January 2021; Received in revised from 31 March 2021; Accepted 19 April 2021 Available online 29 April 2021 Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan AImron et al. (2021) Volume 10, Number 1, Page 71-79 swamps, mangroves to brackish waters. This fish benefits for fishermen. In addition, knowing several swims almost completely vertically with its head on things about the characteristics of the fishing area. top. Hairtail fish in Palabuhanratu can live up to the This information is important and is expected to age of 8 years, with the highest growth rate of fish assist fishermen in choosing when and where to reaching 13.93 cm per year. This fish can reach a operate the hand line appropriatelly. The purpose of maximum growth of up to 125 cm. According to this study was to describe the hairtail fishing unit, to Vianita et al. (2014), the population of hairtail is analyze the catch composition of fishing gears, to mostly found in the waters on the coasts of Java and analyze the fishing season patterns of hairtail fish, river estuaries in Sumatra. According to and to analyze hairtail fishing grounds in Novianingrum et al. (2017), hairtail fish (Trichiurus Palabuhanratu bay. sp.) is a fish that has high economic value and is very potential in its utilization. Material and Methods The hairtail fishing at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port Time and place of research is an export-scale fishery business. Market demand This research was conducted at Palabuhanratu for the hairtail fish tends to increase, causing fishing Fishing Port, Sukabumi, in October 2020. The efforts to increase as well (Ernawati and Butet, research method used was a survey method, by 2012). The Hairtail fishing business is a business conducting interviews with 20 fishermen, the head that is quite profitable based on the fishing of Palabuhanratu Fishing Port and their staffs. The community views, even though this business is data obtained are in the form of data on catch highly influenced by the uncertain fishing season so production, the composition of types of catch and that it affects uncertain income and profits. With other data. The data obtained are then processed this assumption, it is necessary to study the pattern and analyzed at the Department of Fisheries of fishing season for hairtail fish in Palabuhanratu. Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and This research is very important to do because it can Marine Sciences, IPB University. The data collected provide information about the right time to catch in this study consisted of primary data including the hairtail fish, making it easier for fishermen to catch type of fishing gear, the composition of the types fish effectively and efficiently. and the production of the catch obtained from The dominant fishing gear used to catch hairtail interviews and field observations of fish landing fish in Palabuhanratu is handline. This is because activities at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port in October more hairtail fish are caught with these gears, 2020. Secondary data were collected is such as besides the uncomplicated structure of the gear monthly fish production data from 2015 to 2019 at makes it easy for fishermen to use. Handline cannot Palabuhanratu Fishing Port. The data on the catch catch a large number of hairtail fish in a short time, composition of the hairtail fish were analyzed using so it can be used to realize sustainable hairtail descriptive analysis, by analyzing data from hairtail fisheries with environmentally friendly fishing gear fish caught from 2015–2019. The research locations (Hargiyatno et al., 2013; Devi et al., 2014; during the study are presented in Figure 1. Rahaningmas et al., 2014; Sudrajat et al., 2014). According to Silaban et al. (2017), handline is an environmentally friendly fishing gear, because it has the best environmental aspect value compared to other pelagic fishing gear such as floating liftnet and boat seine net. Handlines were first introduced by Bugis fishermen in Sendang Biru, Malang. The development of handline boats cannot be separated from the development of fish aggregating devices (FAD) in the south of West Java. Handlines have developed in the last 10 years but recorded from 2005, until 2009 there were more handlines than gillnet (Anggawangsa and Hargiyatno, 2012). This indicates a change in fishing gear from gillnet boats to handlines. Issues raised by the studyare knowing the best Figure 1. Palabuhanratu bay research location. hairtail fishing season so that it provides optimal 72 Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan AImron et al. (2021) Volume 10, Number 1, Page 71-79 Productivity MAi : moving average 12 month sequence -i Productivity is calculated to determine how CPUEi : CPUE sequence -i productive the handline fishing is to catch hairtail at i : 6, 7,..., n-5 a certain time and unit of effort. The level of 3) Arrange moving average centered CPUE (MAC) 푖=1 utilization of fish resources was analyzed using 1 푀퐴퐶푖 = (∑푀퐴푖) Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE). If the productivity 2 value decreases, it indicates a decrease in biomass or 푖=푖 resources, on the contrary, if the productivity value Where: increases, it indicates that the resources is in good MACi : moving average centered CPUE condition. According to Wudji and Suwarso (2015), sequence -i CPUE calculations with the following formula: MAi : moving average 12 month sequence -i 퐶푎푡푐ℎ푖 i : 7, 8, ...., n-5 퐶푃푈퐸 = 푖 퐸푓푓표푟푡푖 4) Month Average Ratio (MAR) 퐶푃푈퐸푖 Where : 푀퐴푅푖 = 푀퐴퐶푖 퐶푃푈퐸 : catch per effort expended at time-i 푖 Where: (kg/trip) MARi : month average ratio-i 퐶푎푡푐ℎ : catch at time-i (kg) 푖 CPUEi : CPUE sequence-i 퐸푓푓표푟푡 : effort expended at time-i (trip). 푖 i : 6, 7, ...., n-5 5) Arrange average value in matrix ixj for each Furthermore, it is analyzed descriptively by month, starting from June-July. Next calculate comparing each boat’s catch with one another. If the value of the total average ratio each month, the value of the CPUE trend increases from year to then calculate the total of the whole average and year, it can be considered that the fish resources in catching season pattern.