1 2 The Routledge Handbook of Emotions 3 4 and Mass Media 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 The impact of mass media on individuals and society is to a great extent based 4 on human emotions. Emotions, in turn, are essential in understanding how media 5 messages are processed as well as media’s impact on individual and social behavior 6 and public social life. 7 Adopting an interdisciplinary approach to the study of emotions within a mass media 8 context, The Routledge Handbook of Emotions and Mass Media addresses areas such as 9 evolutionary psychology, media entertainment, sociology, cultural studies, media 0 psychology, political communication, persuasion, and new technology. Leading experts 1 from across the globe explore cutting-edge research on issues including the evolutionary 2 functions of mediated emotions, emotions and media entertainment, measurements of 3 emotions within the context of mass media, media violence, fear-evoking media, politics 4 and public emotions, features, forms and functions of emotions beyond the message, 5 and provide the reader with a glimpse into future generations of media technology. 6 This compelling and authoritative Handbook is an essential reference tool 7 for scholars and students of media, communication studies, media psychology, 8 emotions, cultural studies, sociology, and other related disciplines. 9 0 Katrin Döveling is currently Professor and Chair of Communication and Media 1 Studies at the Institute for Communication and Media Studies, Technical University 2 Dresden. She also holds an Assistant Professorship at the Free University of Berlin. 3 Her research interests include media use and reception, media psychology and 4 media sociology, and emotions engendered by diverse forms of mass media. 5 Recently, she published on interpersonal communication and emotions, social 6 appraisal, emotions in politics, and popular media formats. 7 Christian von Scheve is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Cluster of Excellence 8 ‘Languages of Emotion’ and the Institute of Sociology, Free University of Berlin. 9 Previously, he was Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Vienna and 0 Fellow of the Research Group ‘Emotions as Bio-Cultural Processes,’ Center for 1 Interdisciplinary Research, Bielefeld University. 2 3 Elly A. Konijn is Senior Associate Professor at the Department of Communication 4 Science, VU University Amsterdam. Recent publications include Mediated Interpersonal 5 Communication (Routledge, 2008), alongside articles in Media Psychology, Pediatrics, 6 Developmental Psychology, and the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. She is 7 (vice)chair of the Information System division of the International Communication 8 Association, and editor of the journal Media Psychology. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 The Routledge Handbook of 3 4 5 Emotions and Mass Media 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Edited by 4 5 Katrin Döveling, Christian von Scheve, 6 and Elly A. Konijn 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 First published 2011 1 by Routledge 1 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN 1 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 1 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 1 1 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010. 1 To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s 2 collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. 2 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 2 © 2011 Katrin Döveling, Christian von Scheve, and Elly A. Konijn; individual 2 chapters, the contributors 2 The right of Katrin Döveling, Christian von Scheve, and Elly A. Konijn to be 2 identifi ed as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance 2 with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 2 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 2 utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any 2 information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the 3 publishers. 3 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 3 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 3 The Routledge handbook of emotions and mass media / edited by Katrin Döveling, Christian von Scheve, and Elly A. Konijn. 3 p. cm. 3 Includes bibliographical references and index. 3 ISBN 978–0–415–48160–1 (hardback) 1. Emotions–Social aspects. 2. Mass media. I. Döveling, Katrin, 1970- II. Scheve, 3 Christian von. III. Konijn, Elly, 1959- 3 BF531.H36 2010 4 302.23–dc22 2010008215 4 4 4 ISBN 0-203-88539-2 Master e-book ISBN 4 4 ISBN 13: 978–0–415–48160–1 hbk ISBN 13: 978–0–203–88539–0 ebook 4 4 4 1 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 List of contributors viii 4 5 6 1 Emotions and mass media: an interdisciplinary approach 1 7 KATRIN DÖVELING, CHRISTIAN VON SCHEVE, AND ELLY A. KONIJN 8 9 PART I 0 Emotions and mass media: from motives and 1 consequences to meanings and measurements 13 2 3 4 2 The descent of emotions in media: Darwinian 5 perspectives 15 6 FRANK SCHWAB AND CLEMENS SCHWENDER 7 3 From noise to nucleus: emotion as key construct in 8 processing media messages 37 9 ELLY A. KONIJN AND JELTE M. TEN HOLT 0 1 4 Affective and emotional consequences of the mass media 60 2 CHRISTOPHER P. BARLETT AND DOUGLAS A. GENTILE 3 5 The measurement of positive and negative affect in 4 media research 79 5 ANNIE LANG AND DAVID R. EWOLDSEN 6 7 8 PART II 9 The entertaining experiences of emotions through mass media 99 0 1 6 Mechanisms of emotional reactivity to media entertainments 101 2 DOLF ZILLMANN 3 4 7 Media-based emotional coping: examining the emotional 5 benefi ts and pitfalls of media consumption 116 6 ROBIN L. NABI, JIYEON SO, AND ABBY PRESTIN 7 8 vi Contents 8 Tragic and poignant entertainment: the gratifi cations 1 of meaningfulness as emotional response 134 2 MARY BETH OLIVER AND JULIA K. WOOLLEY 3 4 9 Fear reactions and the mass media 148 5 JOANNE CANTOR 6 7 10 Media enjoyment as a function of affective dispositions 8 toward and moral judgment of characters 166 9 ARTHUR A. RANEY 1 1 PART III 1 Mass media, politics, persuasion, and public emotions 179 1 1 1 11 Emotion, media, and the global village 181 1 ROSS BUCK AND STACIE RENFRO POWERS 1 1 12 Nonverbal communication, emotion, and political evaluation 195 1 ERIK P. BUCY 2 13 Disaster news and public emotions 221 2 MERVI PANTTI 2 2 14 Emotion in persuasion and risk communication 237 2 MONIQUE M. TURNER 2 2 15 Creating fear: transforming terrorist attacks into control 2 and consumption 259 2 DAVID L. ALTHEIDE 2 3 3 PART IV 3 Emotions beyond the message: features, forms, and functions 273 3 3 16 The infl uence of form and presentation attributes of 3 media on emotion 275 3 BENJAMIN H. DETENBER AND ANNIE LANG 3 3 17 Effects of presentation and editing on emotional 3 responses of viewers: the example of TV news 294 4 DAGMAR C. UNZ 4 4 18 Visual emotions – emotional visuals: emotions, pathos 4 formulae, and their relevance for communication research 310 4 MARION G. MÜLLER AND ARVID KAPPAS 4 19 Reactive and refl ective responses to mass media 332 4 GERALD C. CUPCHIK 4 4 Contents vii 1 PART V 2 Emotions and next generation media 347 3 4 20 Using automated facial expression analysis for emotion 5 and behavior prediction 349 6 SUN JOO AHN, JEREMY BAILENSON, JESSE FOX, AND MARIA JABON 7 8 21 Emotionally resonant media: advances in sensing, 9 understanding, and infl uencing human emotion through 0 interactive media 370 1 JONATHAN GRATCH 2 22 Virtual interface agents that adapt to user emotion 3 4 and interest 388 HELMUT PRENDINGER AND MITSURU ISHIZUKA 5 6 7 Index 407 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Contributors 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 Sun Joo Ahn (B.A., Seoul National University; M.A., Stanford University) is a Ph.D. 1 candidate at Stanford University. Her research interests include augmented per- 1 spective taking and its infl uence on empathy, consumer psychology in virtual 1 environments, and using automated facial tracking to predict emotions and 1 behavior. Recent publications include IEEE: Journal of Intelligent Systems. 1 1 David L. Altheide, Ph.D., is Regents’ Professor at the School of Justice and Social 1 Inquiry at Arizona State University, where he has taught for thirty-six years. His 2 work has focused on the role of mass media and information technology in social 2 control. His most recent book is Terror Post 9/11 and the Media (2009, Lang). He 2 received the Cooley Award three times, given to the outstanding book in sym- 2 bolic interaction, from the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction: in 2007 2 for Terrorism and the Politics of Fear (2006, AltaMira Press); in 2004 for Creating 2 Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis (2002, AldineTransaction); and in 1986 2 for Media Power (1985, Sage).