National Aeronautics and Space Administration Technology, Innovation & Engineering Committee Report NASA Advisory Council Presented by: Dr. Bill Ballhaus, Chair December 2, 2015 www.nasa.gov/spacetech TI&E Committee Meeting Attendees November 10, 2015 • Dr. William Ballhaus, Chair • Mr. Gordon Eichhorst, Aperios Partners • Mr. Michael Johns, Southern Research Institute (virtual) • Dr. Matt Mountain, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy • Mr. David Neyland, Consultant • Mr. Jim Oschmann, Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. • Dr. Mary Ellen Weber, STELLAR Strategies, LLC 2 TI&E Committee Meeting Presentations November 10, 2015 • Space Technology Mission Directorate Update – Mr. Stephen Jurczyk, Associate Administrator, STMD • Technology Risk/Challenges Matrix for Humans to Mars and Discussion – Mr. Jason Crusan, Director, Advanced Exploration Systems, HEOMD – Mr. Jim Reuter, Deputy AA for Programs, STMD – Mr. William Gerstenmaier, AA, HEOMD • Chief Technologist Update – Dr. David Miller, NASA Chief Technologist • Agency Technical Capability Assessment Outcomes – Mr. Ralph Roe, NASA Chief Engineer 3 Elements of the Journey to Mars 2010 2020 Now Transition Decade 2030 LEGEND First Human Mars Missions Exploration Human LEO Transition & Cis‐Lunar Habitat Cross-Cutting Long duration human health & habitation build‐up including validation for Mars transit distances (Exploration/Technology/Scie nce) Mars Robotic Precursors Science Identify resources for ISRU, demonstrate round trip surface‐to‐surface capability Asteroid Redirect Mission Human operations in deep space Orion Enabling Crew Operations in Deep Space Space Launch System Traveling beyond low Earth orbit Commercial Cargo and Crew US companies provide affordable access to low earth orbit International Space Station Mastering Long duration stays in space Mars Exploration Program MRO, Curiosity, MAVEN, InSight, Mars 2020. Observing Mars and Exploring the Surface 4 Resilient Architectures for Mars Exploration Architectural Breadth Single Few Many Architecture Architectures Architectures Earth Independent Journey the Proving Ground of Invest in capabilities common to all Stage Earth Reliant architectures in near term while refining architecture plans Graphic used courtesy of de Weck et al • There are many different architectures and implementation approaches that can be employed on the Journey to Mars • The first step of each Journey to Mars architecture is the same – develop/validate common required Mars mission capabilities in the 2020s • The NASA Mission Directorates are collaborating to define a resilient class of architectures for the Journey to Mars in the 2030s • Concurrently, they will define missions for the 2020s that reduce the risk for this resilient class of architectures 5 Architectural Value Likelihood Resiliency is being robust, or adaptable, to change Likelihood • J2M will span decades while changes occur yearly • Narrow to set of architectures between which exploration can cost-effectively switch as conditions change ‐1 0 1 2 3 Candidate Architectures Cost Funding Growth [x Inflation) NRC Pathways Likelihood Evolvable Mars Campaign Likelihood DRA‐5 Inspiration Mars Mars One Mars Society Modular Mars Architecture Moon Mars Schedule Space‐X Red Dragon destination Explore Mars Likelihood Mars Cycler Likelihood Proactively planning for change is always better than simply reacting to change as it occurs 95% 97% 99% Value LV reliability 6 Conceptual Integrated Campaign for Mars in the 2020’s Round-Trip Mars 2020 Mars Orbiter Surface to Exploration Surface Precursors LEGEND ISRU ISRU Resource Dust Toxicity Production Exploration Prototype Survey Surface EDL Landing Site EDL Power for Cross- Instruments Selection Evolution/ ISRU Cutting Instruments (Exploration/ Sample Optical Technology/ Rad/ECLSS Acquisition Comm/Relay Mars Ascent Science) Validation In Situ High Power Surface Increased Science SEP Navigation Science EDL Mass & Habitable Rendezvous Precision Conditions Returned Remote Sample Science Ancient Sensing Analysis Instruments Life Instruments 2020 2022 Future Launch Opportunities 7 Integrated Vision for a Mars Robotic Precursor Initiative • Exploration: Science Rover – Address key issues to build confidence in round-trip missions to/from Mars Human Science/ Exploration Relay Orbiter – Identify and characterize concentrated resources for potential ISRU exploitation • Science: – Leverage expertise built through five ISRU Special decades of robotic Mars exploration Production Regions & Resources – Build upon recent science discoveries – Continue to support decadal priorities • Technology: – Leverage technology investments – Mission Infusion opportunities – Enable end-to-end Earth/Mars missions • Infrastructure: Advanced Mars Ascent EDL Vehicle – Sustain and improve Mars telecommunications and surface Round reconnaissance infrastructure Trip The 2020’s will be a “transition decade” that leads to Humans to Mars in the 2030’s 8 A Brief History of Beyond-LEO Spaceflight Architecture Development Human Journey to Mars – Thoughts on an Executable Program (JPL) Evolvable Mars Campaign 9 9 JourneyNational Aeronautics and Space to Administration Mars 10 Design Reference Missions vs Design Philosophy Report of the 90-Day Study on Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars National Aeronautics and Space Administration November 1989 Body of Previous Architectures, Evolvable Mars Campaign Design Reference Missions, Emerging • An ongoing series of architectural trade analyses Studies and New Discoveries that we are currently executing to define the capabilities and elements needed for a sustainable • Internal NASA and other Government human presence on Mars • International Partners • Builds off of previous studies and ongoing • Commercial and Industrial assessments • Academic • Provides clear linkage of current investments (SLS, • Technology developments Orion, etc.) to future capability needs • Science discoveries 11 STMD Strategic Planning STMD •Core values, guiding Get There Strategic principles, implementation Office of the Improve the ability to efficiently access and travel through space Alignment goals flowdown Associate Administrator Framework Land There Enable the capability of landing more STMD •Get There, Land There, mass, more accurately, in more locations throughout the solar system Live There, Observe Themes Strategic Themes There, Invest Here Live There Make it possible to live and work in •Stakeholder input: Space deep space and on planetary bodies Strategic Technology Roadmaps, NRC Observe There recommendations, STIP, MD Strategic Transform the ability to observe the Guidance roadmaps, Roundtables, etc. universe and answer the profound questions in Earth and space sciences •Focused areas of Invest Here STMD STMD Thrust Areas STMD investments Enhance the nation’s aerospace capabilities and ensure its continued technological National Science and Technology Priorities leadership Content •Principal Technologists: Generation Technology investment plans Technology • Crosscutting Portfolio Investment strategy Integration and content selection STMD • Implementation Space Technology Programs instruments Research Grants 12 HEOMD/STMD Engagement on Technology Needs • Evolvable Mars Campaign (EMC) has a strategic set of needs for enabling long‐range capabilities; Orion and SLS needs are primarily near‐term and mission focused. • Crosscutting needs identified by HEOMD: • Radiation monitoring & protection (ISS, Orion, HRP, EMC) • EVA suit & PLSS (Orion, ISS, ARM, EMC) • Environmental monitoring (Orion, ISS, EMC) • Spacecraft fire safety (Orion, ISS, EMC) • Exercise equipment (Orion, HRP, EMC) • Advanced solar arrays (ARM, ISS, EMC) • Automated rendezvous & docking (Orion, ARM, EMC) • Areas with greatest number of gaps: • Human Health, Life Support, & Habitation Systems (Orion, HRP) • Communications & Navigation (SCAN) • Categories of collaboration: • Deliveries: STMD matures technology and delivers to AES for system-level evaluation (e.g., RCA, VOR, EVA Gloves, RPM instruments, etc.) • Partnerships: STMD and HEOMD/AES co‐fund the development of technologies that are of mutual interest (e.g., MOXIE, MEDA, MEDLI‐2, SCOR, etc.) • Coordination: STMD and HEOMD/AES define specific divisions of responsibility within a technical discipline (e.g., nuclear systems, synthetic biology, advanced manufacturing, etc.) 13 Capabilities for Pioneering Space: Steps on the Journey to Mars Cis‐lunar Mission ISS Short Stay Cis‐lunar Cis‐Mars Mars Orbit Mars Capability (e.g. ARM) Long Stay Robotic Surface In Situ Resource Utilization Exploratory ISRU Exploratory ISRU Operational ISRU Exploratory ISRU Exploratory ISRU & and & Surface Power Regolith & Atmosphere High Power Long Duration Initial Short Initial Long Resource Site Long Duration / Space Habitation & Mobility with Resupply Duration Duration Survey Range Mars in Autonomous On Human/Robotic & System Crew‐tended Earth Supervised Earth Monitored Rendezvous & Earth Monitored Autonomous Ops Testing Dock System Working Limited Duration Full Duration Full Duration Full Duration Frequent EVA Exploration EVA Testing Short Crew Health Long Duration Long Duration Dust Toxicity Long Duration Long Duration Duration Environmental Control & Long Duration Short Long Duration Long Duration Long Duration Long Duration Life Support Duration Staying Healthy Increased Forecasting Forecasting Forecasting Forecasting Forecasting & Radiation Safety Understanding Shelter Shelter Shelter Surface Enhanced Ascent from Planetary Human Scale Sub‐Scale