Lower Churchill Hydroelectric Development Project 2014 Historic Resources Assessment and Recovery Program Prepared for: Nalcor Energy Hydro Place, 500 Columbus Drive PO Box 12800 St. John's, NL A1B 0C9 Prepared by: Stassinu Stantec Limited Partnership 19-21 Burnwood, PO Box 482 Stn. C Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL A0P 1C0 141 Kelsey Drive St. John’s, NL A1B 0L2 Tel: (709) 576-1458 Fax: (709) 576-2126 Draft Report File No: 121511260 June 10, 2015 LOWER CHURCHILL HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 2014 HISTORIC RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AND RECOVERY PROGRAM Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... I ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................... I GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. I 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT WORKS IN LABRADOR ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 OTHER ASSOCIATED WORKS ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 HISTORIC RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT ............................................ 3 1.3.1 Stage 1 Historic Resources Overview Assessment ..................................... 3 1.3.2 Stage 2 Detailed Impact Assessment .......................................................... 3 1.3.3 Stage 3 Recovery (Mitigation) ...................................................................... 3 1.4 2014 HISTORIC RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AND RECOVERY PROGRAM ...................... 4 1.4.1 Permitting and Study Areas ........................................................................... 4 1.4.2 2014 Study Objectives .................................................................................... 5 2.0 APPROACH AND METHODS .......................................................................................... 7 2.1 STAGE 1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH ............................................................................... 7 2.2 STAGE 2 FIELD ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Archaeological and Contemporary Site Registration .............................. 8 2.3 STAGE 3 RECOVERY PROGRAM METHODOLOGY ........................................................ 8 2.4 STAGE 3 ALTERNATIVE FIELD RECORDING METHODOLOGY ........................................ 9 2.5 ARTIFACT PROCESSING AND CONSERVATION METHODOLOGY .............................. 10 2.6 TRAINING PROGRAM METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 11 2.7 PROJECT PERSONNEL ..................................................................................................... 11 3.0 STAGE 2 ASSESSMENT RESULTS.................................................................................... 15 3.1 STAGE 2 ASSESSMENT FIELD RESEARCH RESULTS .......................................................... 17 3.1.1 Tepiteu-shipiss ................................................................................................ 17 3.1.2 Tshiashkunish 11 (FgCh-04) .......................................................................... 19 3.1.3 Hidden Cabin (13F/03 Ethno 39) ................................................................ 21 3.2 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 22 4.0 CHURCHILL VALLEY STAGE 3 RECOVERY PROGRAM (SDR) RESULTS ......................... 23 4.1 STAGE 1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH RESULTS ............................................................... 24 4.1.1 The Precontact Period: Recovery Results from Muskrat Falls ................. 24 4.1.2 The Historic Period: Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) and the Fur Trade .............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.3 The Historic Period: Innu Settlement ........................................................... 30 4.2 MANUAL TREE-FELLING PROGRAM RESULTS ................................................................ 32 4.3 SANDY BANKS 2 (FGCG-01) ........................................................................................... 33 4.3.1 Site Stratigraphy and Features .................................................................... 36 4.3.2 Precontact Cultural Materials ..................................................................... 47 i File No: 121511260 LOWER CHURCHILL HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT 2014 HISTORIC RESOURCES ASSESSMENT AND RECOVERY PROGRAM 4.3.3 Historic Cultural Materials ............................................................................ 56 4.3.4 Interpretation and Summary ....................................................................... 59 4.4 NARROW TERRACE (FGCG-02) .................................................................................... 63 4.4.1 Site Stratigraphy and Features .................................................................... 63 4.4.2 Cultural Materials .......................................................................................... 67 4.4.3 Interpretation and Summary ....................................................................... 70 4.5 MATTHEW’S LUCK (FGCG-03) ........................................................................................ 70 4.6 SANDY BANKS 4 (FGCG-04) ........................................................................................... 71 4.7 UINIPEKUISS 1 (FGCG-05) ............................................................................................... 73 4.7.1 Site Stratigraphy and Features .................................................................... 74 4.7.2 Cultural Materials .......................................................................................... 78 4.7.3 Interpretation and Summary ....................................................................... 85 4.8 UINIPEKUISS 2 (FGCG-06) ............................................................................................... 85 4.8.1 Site Stratigraphy and Features .................................................................... 86 4.8.2 Cultural Materials .......................................................................................... 90 4.8.3 Interpretation and Summary ....................................................................... 93 4.9 TOBACCO CAN (FHCF-03) ........................................................................................... 94 5.0 STAGE 3 ALTERNATIVE FIELD RECORDING (SFR) RESULTS........................................... 96 5.1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH RESULTS .............................................................................. 96 5.2 TUCK LOCALITY 1 (FHCE-11) ........................................................................................ 100 5.3 LOWER BROOK TILT (FHCF-01) ..................................................................................... 102 5.4 KAMITINISHKAU-SHIPISS 1(FHCF-02) ............................................................................. 105 5.5 SANDY BANKS MIDDEN (FGCG-07) ............................................................................ 108 5.6 SANDY BANKS 1 (FGCG-08) ......................................................................................... 109 5.7 TUCK LOCALITY 4 (FGCG-09) ...................................................................................... 122 5.8 HIDDEN CABIN (13F/03 ETHNO-38) ............................................................................. 123 5.9 TILT (13F/03 ETHNO-06) ................................................................................................. 124 5.10 GULL LAKE TILT (FFCH-01) ............................................................................................. 126 6.0 DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY ....................................................................................131 6.1 STAGE 2 ASSESSMENT .................................................................................................... 131 6.2 STAGE 3 RECOVERY: PRECONTACT COMPONENTS ................................................ 131 6.2.1 Intra-Site Patterning and Site Functions ................................................... 131 6.2.2 Site Distribution and Settlement Patterns ................................................ 133 6.2.3 Typology, Chronology and Regional Comparisons .............................. 134 6.3 STAGE 3 RECOVERY: EARLY HISTORIC COMPONENTS ............................................. 136 6.4 STAGE 3 RECOVERY: LATER HISTORIC COMPONENTS .............................................. 136 6.5 2014 SITE STATUS AND 2015 WORKPLAN .................................................................... 137 6.5.1 Site Status at the Close of the 2014 Field Season ................................... 137 6.5.2 2015 Workplan............................................................................................. 138 6.6 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 139 7.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................141 7.1 PERSONAL COMMUNICATION ...................................................................................