TABLE OF CONTENTS: Vol. 42, No. 6, November 1969 ARTICLES Invited Synthesis Paper 442 Remote sensing technology for rangeland management applications by Paul T. Tueller General Interest 454 Motivation of Colorado ranchers with federal grazing allotments by E.T. Bartlett, R.G. Taylor, J.R. McKean, and J.G. Hof Grazing Management 458 A test of grazing compensation and optimization of crested wheatgrass using a simulation model by Bret E. Olson, Richard L. Senft, and James H. Richards 468 Effects of stocking rate on quantity and quality of available forage in a southern mixed grass prairie by Rodney K. Heitschmidt, Steven L. Dowhower, William E. Pinchak, and Stephen K. Canon 474 Diet and forage quality of intermediate wheatgrass managed under con- tinuous and short-duration graxing by M.L. Nelson, J.W. Finley, D.L. Scamecchia, and S.M. Parish Animal Ecology 480 Association of relative food availabilities and locations by cattle by D.W. Bailey, L.R. Rittenhouse, R.H. Hart, D.M. Swift, and R.W. Richards 483 Herbivore effects on seeded alfalfa at four phryon-juniper sites in central Utah by Steven S. Rosenstock and Richard Stevens Plant Physiology 490 Emergence and root growth of three pregerminated cool-season grasses under salt and water stress by D.M. Mueller and R.A. Bowman 496 Morphological and physiological variation among ecotypes of sweetvetch (Hedysurum boreule Nutt.) by Douglas A. Johnson, Timothy M.J. Ford, Melvin D. Rumbaugh, and Bland Z. Richardson 502 The effects of intra-row spacings and cutting heights on the yield of Leucaena leucocephala in Adana, Turkey by Tuncay Tukel and Riistii Hatipoglu 504 Gambel oak root carbohydrate response to spring, summer, and fall prescribed burning by Michael G. Harrington Published bimonthly-January, March, May. July, September, November Plant Ecology 508 Predicting peak standing crop on annual range using weather variables by Copyright 1989 by the Society for Range Management Melvin R. George, William A. Williams, Neil K. McDougald, W. James Clawson, and Alfred H. Murphy INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTION is by membership in the Society for Range Management. LIBRARY or other INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIP- TECHNICAL NOTES TIONS on a calendar year basis are $56.00 for the United States postpaid and $68.00 for other coun- 514 Direct effect of parasitism by Dinarmus acutus Thomson on seed preda- tries, postpaid. Payment from outside the United tion by Acanthoscelidesperforatus Horn in Canada milk-vetch by A. Boe, States should be remitted in US dollars by interna- B. McDaniel, and K. Robbins tional money order or draft on a New York bank. BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE, concerning sub- scriptions, advertising, reprints, back issues, and BOOK REVIEWS related matters, should be addressed to the Manag- ing Editor, 1839 York Street, Denver, Colorado 516 Viable Populations for Conservation Michael E. Soule (Ed.); Mammals 60266. of Arizona by Donald F. Hoffmeister; Rangelands: A Resource Under EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE, concerning manu- Siege. Proceedings of the Second International Rangeland Congress scriptsor othereditorial matters, should beaddressed Edited by P.J. Joss, P.W. Lynch and O.B. Williams; To Feed the Earth: to the Editor, 1839 York Street, Denver, Colorado 80208. Agro-Ecology for Sustainable Development by Michael Dover and Lee INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS appear on the M. Talbot; Wyoming Shrubland Ecology by Herbert G. Fisser. inside back cover of most issues. A Style Manual is also available from the Society for Range Manage- 519 Index, Volume 42 mentat theaboveaddress@$2.00forsinglecopies; 524 Table of Contents, Volume 42,1989 $1.25 each for 2 or more. THE JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT (ISSN 0622-499X) is published six times yearly for $56.00 per year by the Society for Range Management, 1839 York Street, Denver, Colorado 80206. SECOND CLASS POSTAGE paid at Denver, Colorado. POSTMASTER: Return mth journal with addrosa chenge-RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED-to Society for Range Management, 1839 York Street, Denver, Colorado 89298. Mana~lng Editor ASSOCIATE EDITORS PETER V. JACKSON Ill DON C. ADAMS RICHARD H. HART BRUCE ROUNDY 1639 York Street USDA ARS USDA-ARS 325 Biological Sciences Denver, Colorado 80206 Livestock & Range Research 8498 Hildreth Rd. East Building, Univ. Arizona Rt 1. Box3 Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009 Tucson, Arizona 85721 Editor Miles City, Montana 59301 PATRICIA G. SMITH RODNEY HEITSCHMIDT DAVID M. SWIFT Society for Range Management WILL BLACKBURN Box 1658 Natural Resources Ecology 1839 York Street N.W. Watershed Res. Center Vernon, Texas 76384 Colorado State University Denver, Colorado 80266 270 South Orchard Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523 PETE W. JACOBY, JR. (303) 3557070 Boise, Idaho 83705 P.O. Box 1858 PAUL TUELLER Book Rovfaw Edltor CARLTON BRITTON Vernon, Texas 78384 Range Wildlife 8 Forestry GRANT A. HARRIS Range 8 Wildlife Mgmt UNR 1600 Valley Road HOWARD MORTON Forestry and Range Management Texas Tech University Reno. Nevada 89512 2ooO E. Allen Road Washington State University Lubbock, Texas 79409 Pullman, Washington 991846410 Tucson. Arizona 85719 STEVE WHISENANT TIMOTHY E. FULBRIGHT Texas A8M Univesity College of Agriculture Dept. of Range Science Texas A81 College Station, Texas 77843-2126 POB 156, Sta. 1 Kingsville, Texas 78383 Invitational Synthesis Paper Dr. Paul T. Tueller is Professor of Range Ecology in the Department of Range, Wildlife and Forestry, University of Nev- ada Rena Paul has had over 30 years as student and professor working in the general area of Range Ecology and Management. He has initiated numerous studies concerned with range ecology, vegetation-soil relationships, range condition and trend, big game habitat management, brush encroachment, ecology of the pinyon- juniper woodland, mine waste reclamation, and remote sensing with emphasis on arid lands. Other qualifications include: com- mercial instrument rated pilot with over 3,000 hours, currently Associate Editor, JoumolofRanae. _ Management, Certified Range Management Consultant. Remote sensing technology for rangeland management applications PAUL T. TUELLER Tbe future of rangeland resmwces development and manage- photography WM first used. The first black-and-white aerial pho- ment in dependent upon increased scientific capability. Remote tography at the usual scale of about 1:2O,ooObecame available for sensing technology can contribute information for a variety of range-resources investigations in 1935 and 1936 (Moyer 1950). rangeland resource management applications. In future we can Poulton’s history further describes the development of remote expect to see an increased number of profnsion~l range managers sensing as a science in the mid-to-late 1960s. The launch of Landsat with expertise in remote sensing. This training will include, in 1 in 1972 ushered in a new era extending remote sensing beyond air addition to principles of aerial photo interpretation, digttnl image photo interpretation into the realm of digital analysis of multispec- analysis technology, increased use of geographic information sys- tral and multitemporal data. tems, airborne video remote sensing, and the use of newly develop The collective area of rangeland is large; if forested ranges and ing high resolution systems. The data will be obtained from both natural vegetation in tropical savanna and tundra areas are aircraft and spacecraft. Appltcations will include inventory, eval- included, the total land area of rangelands may be as high as 47% of uation, and monitoring of rangeland resources and the incorporn- the global land surface (Williams et al. 1968). Due to the extensive tion of remote senstng data to support and improve the decision nature of rangelands and the recognized need to manage them at processes on the use, development, and management of nngelnnd low cost, remote sensing is considered to have significant promise lesOurce area*. for the future. Remote sensing is more than high quality color and color Key Words: Remote sensing, aerial photography, color infnred, infrared photographs and digital image manipulation. Rather it is, in itself, an art and a science. The science is provided mostly by iig, range managements g&graphic infknskm~ystems, airborne engineers, physicists and computer specialists who have increased video. our abilities to exploit information inherent in various regions “I The art and science of range management is being pushed to new wavebands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Range scientists con- heights as practitioners and scientists approach the future. Changes tribute specialized knowledge and interpretation. The proper in range management are inevitable. Expectations of high technol- interpretation and application of remote sensing is an art. Inherent ogy will be realized only when range professionals are able to apply in this is the importance of developing an understanding of the new scientific developments to important rangeland resource ecology of the landscapes and of the vegetation-landform-soif management problems. Remote sensing, the acquisition of infor- relationships as a basis for image interpretation. mation concerning an object or phenomenon without physical The basic logic of remute sensing is the logic of inference. If contact, is one such scientific discipline and the subject of this cause Q exists, then effect E1 will be observed, and if effect E1 is paper. Rangeland resource management will become strongly observed, then cause C1 must exist. In other words remute sensing dependent upon increasingly sophisticated, holistic approaches. interpreters can study certain features directly