Università degli Studi di Catania European Union Provincia Regionale di Catania PROJECT TREN-03-ST-S07.31286 Identification of Hazard Location and Ranking of Measures to Improve Safety on Local Rural Roads: Identificazione e Adeguamento delle Strade Pericolose Final Research Report Submitted by: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Catania Funded by the European Community and Province of Catania under TREN Work Programme 2003 PROJECT TREN-03-ST-S07.31286 Identification of Hazard Location and Ranking of Measures to Improve Safety on Local Rural Roads Identificazione e Adeguamento delle Strade Pericolose Final Research Report REV. 1: date of issue July 2007 Authors S. Cafiso, G. La Cava, A. Montella Co - Authors A. Di Graziano, G. Pappalardo, S. Taormina Submitted by: University of Catania Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Project Coordinator The Research Coordinator ( ing. Carolina Gambirasio) (prof. ing. Salvatore Cafiso) 1 PROJECT TREN-03-ST-S07.31286 Identification of Hazard Location and Ranking of Measures to Improve Safety on Local Rural Roads PROJECT START DATE: April 2004 DURATION: 36 months List of Participants Eng. Carolina Gambirasio – project coordinator (Province of Catania) Prof. Eng. Salvatore Cafiso – research coordinator (University of Catania) Mr. Luigi Catalano (Province of Catania) Dr. Eng. Alessandro Di Graziano (University of Catania) Eng. Giovanni Di Mauro (Province of Catania) Mr. Giovanni Frazzetta (Province of Catania) Eng. Michele Grimaldi (Province of Catania) Eng. Francesco Impellizzeri (Province of Catania) Dr. Eng. Grazia La Cava (University of Catania) Dr. Eng. Salvatore Leonardi (University of Catania) Dr. Eng. Alfonso Montella (University of Naples) Dr. Eng. Giuseppina Pappalardo (University of Catania) Dr. Eng. Sabina Taormina (University of Catania) Arch. Matteo Zapparrata (Province of Catania) 2 INDEX INDEX.................................................................................................................................................3 Index of figures...................................................................................................................................6 Index of tables...................................................................................................................................10 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................13 2 MACROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT DATA............................................................16 2.1 The ISTAT data base on road accidents ..................................................................................16 2.2 The Regional Context ..............................................................................................................16 2.3 The Province of Catania Context.............................................................................................18 2.4 Province of Catania Territorial Disaggregation.......................................................................21 3 ROAD AND ACCIDENT DATA.................................................................................................26 3.1 Road data..................................................................................................................................26 3.2 Accident Data...........................................................................................................................31 4 SAFETY INDEX...........................................................................................................................33 4.1 Exposure Factor .......................................................................................................................33 4.2 Accident Frequency Factor ......................................................................................................33 4.2.1 Road Safety Inspections....................................................................................................34 4.2.2 Design Consistency Evaluations and Design Standards Check........................................39 4.3 Accident Severity Factor..........................................................................................................42 4.3.1 Operating Speed................................................................................................................42 4.3.2 Roadside Hazard ...............................................................................................................44 5 DESIGN ALIGNMENT EVALUATION ...................................................................................46 5.1 Design consistency of horizontal curves..................................................................................46 5.2 Design standard check .............................................................................................................48 6 ROAD SAFETY INSPECTIONS................................................................................................50 6.1 Road safety inspections international current practice ............................................................50 6.1.1 Australasia.........................................................................................................................50 6.1.1.1 New Zealand ..............................................................................................................50 6.1.1.2 Australia.....................................................................................................................51 6.1.2 North America...................................................................................................................51 6.1.2.1 Canada........................................................................................................................51 6.1.2.2 USA............................................................................................................................52 6.1.3 EU .....................................................................................................................................52 3 6.1.3.1 Euro RAP and other activities....................................................................................52 6.1.3.2 UK..............................................................................................................................53 6.1.3.3 Denmark.....................................................................................................................54 6.1.3.4 Italy ............................................................................................................................54 6.1.3.5 Germany.....................................................................................................................55 6.1.3.6 Spain ..........................................................................................................................55 6.1.3.7 Norway.......................................................................................................................56 6.1.3.8 Austria........................................................................................................................56 6.2 Operative procedures for road safety inspections....................................................................57 6.2.1 Actors involved in the process..........................................................................................57 6.2.2 Road inspections and problems identification ..................................................................58 6.2.2.2 General Aspects .........................................................................................................58 6.2.2.3 Preliminary Inspections..............................................................................................58 6.2.2.4 General Inspections....................................................................................................59 6.2.2.5 Site Detailed Inspections............................................................................................65 6.2.2.6 Night Time Inspections..............................................................................................69 6.2.2.7 Final Report................................................................................................................69 7 ESTIMATES FROM HISTORICAL ACCIDENT DATA.......................................................71 7.1 Data collection and road segmentation ....................................................................................71 7.2 Generalized Linear Model and Empirical Bayes Estimate ......................................................73 7.3 Model Goodness of fit .............................................................................................................74 8 IASP Geographic Information Systems......................................................................................78 8.1 Description of the IASP GIS...................................................................................................78 9 RELIABILITY AND VERIFICATION OF THE PROCEDURE...........................................88 9.1 Safety Inspection.....................................................................................................................88 9.2 Safety Index .............................................................................................................................92 10 IMPROVEMENT INTERVENTIONS AND MONITORING