Mount Bromo, East Java Dive Spot in Pulau Weh, Aceh Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta Istana Pagaruyung, West Sumatera Tamansari Bath, Yogya Floating Mosque -Makassar Woven fabric of Tapanuli Ir. Budi Faisal, MAUD, MLA, Ph.D Chairman of Center of Tourism Planning and Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATION • Largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17.504 islands of varying sizes. • Consists of : • 1.910.931,32 km2 with a 104.000 km shoreline, • 284.210,90 km2 territorial sea area Indonesia’s Archipelago Source: National Survey and Mapping Coordination Agency GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATION • Consists of 33 provinces, include : • 399 districts • 98 municipalities, all together covering 78.609 villages Kampung Naga is one of well-known village which is inhabited by a community in a very strong tradition of holding the remainder ancestors, located in Tasikmalaya, West Java. The village is also known for its sustainable ways in preserving the nature and the traditional Sundanese culture. Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, April 2011 POPULATION GROWTH • Recent population : 253.602.815 people Doubled compared to 1970 cencus • Java is the most populated Island 57,5% of the country total population • The rest of the population Jakarta, the most populated city of Indonesia are distributed among the bigger Islands: Sumatera, Kalimantan (Borneo), Sulawesi, Papua, the Islands of the Lesser Sunda, and the Mollucas. Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, April 2011 Children in Papua POPULATION & RELIGION • 87% of the total Population & Religion population is Muslim, distributed unevenly throughout the country. • There are some part of the country which majority are non muslim, such as Toba (North Sumatera), Bali, North Sulawesi, southern parts of Mollucas, and Papua Muslim (87%) Non-Muslim (3%) Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, April 2011 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE • Agriculture is still the dominant occupation (34%) • Trade, hotel, and restaurant (21.66%) • Manufacturing (13.3%) • Other services (16.07%) Agriculture (34%) Trade, Hotel, & Restaurant (21,66%) Manufacturing (13,3 Other Services Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, April 2011 (16.07%) DOMESTIC TOURISM in INDONESIA • Domestic tourism is increasing significantly due to : the growth of middle classes, improved education, changing lifestyle, Improved accessibility : Increasing travelling distance : the rise of the low-cost air carriers (LCC) enabling to travel provinces and even remote destinations outside BALI and JAVA DOMESTIC TOURISM in INDONESIA • The majority of the travels are still generated to and from Java The total number of domestic tourist : 250.000 per year • 87% of the population are Muslim Domestic tourist from Java in Kuta Beach, Bali INDONESIA has at least 200 MILLION DOMESTIC MUSLIM TOURIST TRAVELLING WITHIN THE COUNTRY Muslim are potential domestic tourist INBOUND TOURISM IN INDONESIA • Total international tourist arrival in 2014 was 9,435 million people (increase 7.2% compared to 2013) • The increase of visitors from countries with Muslim population (15.3% contribution to national total ): Malaysian tourist arrived at local airport Malaysia Middle East : Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, and Bahrain • China is contributing significantly over 10% of the total international arrivals in 2014 (increasing 28.3% compared to 2013) China tourist activity at tourism destination INBOUND TOURISM IN INDONESIA the number will have the potential to grow further. improvement of Sharia Tourism infrastructure • 1.2 MILLION VISITORS among the 8.7 million visitors in 2013 are MUSLIM • With an average expenditure of US$1.200 • Total government income amounted to US $1,44 billion. MUSLIM SOCIETY in INDONESIA • Indonesia is recognize as the largest Muslim country in the world 207.2 million people of 237.6 million people (87%) • Indonesia is a moderate muslim country: live harmony together with other religions and believe. Open minded society Willing to accept differences Source:Human BPS, 2011 rights and the equality of women are inline with the teaching of Islams Indonesian muslimah are preparing for Idul Fitri Prayers THE INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA • Islam has arrived to Indonesia’s archipelago since the early 9th century A.D. • Islam had been introduced to Indonesia peacefully: Through trade activities, began in the market places around the coastal areas and gradually moved toward inland (Wanandi, 2002; Jafari and Scott, 2014). THE INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA • the spread of Islam in the western Indonesia’s region (Sumatera) in the 12th century : through the traders and merchants from Middle East and Gujarat • establishment of trading colonies particularly along the west coast of Sumatera Island catalysts for the conversion to Islam Wanandi, 2002; Jafari and Scott, 2014). THE INTRODUCTION OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA Ibn Battuta said that : in 1325-1354 The trading port of Malacca has controlled a crucial shipping lane through the Malacca Strait (between Malaya and Sumatera) The wealth and commercially- based assertiveness the spread of Islam in the surrounding areas (Jafari and Scott, 2014; Inayatullah, 1995). Malacca old trade area CHINESE MUSLIM INFLUENCES Chinese decent has lived in Java coastal areas a Chinese Muslim, Ma Huan reporting in his book Yin-yai Shen- lan : Chinese are also influencing the Muslim community of Indonesia in the middle of 15th century. “there was three kinds of races in the Java Coastal areas, namely Muslim from the west, Chinese (Many of them are Muslims) and the Javanese” Source: Budi, 2005 Chinese influenced building in Semarang coastal areas 15 CHINESE MUSLIM INFLUENCES: CHENG HO Arabic name : Mahmud Shams Tribe : Hui Born : 1371 Died : 1435 His work be able to change the navigation map navigation map of the world Explorer with the largest fleet in history Cheng Ho and the grand voyage 16 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN HINDU KINGDOM (the early 15th century) Islam occurred at the end of the Hindu Kingdom of Majapahit in East Java, after the King was converted into Islam Islam’s influence grew rapidly from the 15th century onwards (Wanandi, 2002). Majapahit Kingdom Expansion through Indonesia and Malaya, before it collapsed in the early 16th century 17 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN HINDU KINGDOM (the early 15th century) The society already had high culture and civilizations of Hinduism and Budhism Wringin Lawang, the 15.5-meter tall red Borobudur, largest Budha temple in brick gate in Trowulan Indonesia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site The Majapahit-style minaret of Kudus Mosque Islam in Indonesia has transformed into a moderate religion, including many cultural elements from other existing cultures (Wanandi, 2002; Azra, 2004; Madjid, 2008) 18 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN HINDU KINGDOM (the early 15th century) CHINESE MUSLIM INFLUENCES: RADEN PATAH Another name : Jin Bun Degree : Senopati Jimbun Born : 1455, Palembang Died : 1518, Demak . The first king of Demak . ‘Patah’ comes from the word al-Fatah, means "The Opener", as he was opening the first Islamic kingdom in Java . In 1479 he inaugurated the Great Mosque of Demak as the central government 19 MAJOR DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAM IN HINDU KINGDOM (the early 15th century) THE WALI SANGA : 9 SAINTS • The wali songo known as "founders" of Islam on Java, to continue the teachings from the Chinese Muslim Admiral Cheng Ho (1405-1407 CE). • Some of the wali songo had some Chinese ancestry maternally: Sunan Ampel (Bong Swi Ho), Sunan Bonang (Bong Ang), and Sunan Kalijaga (Gan Si Cang) 20 ISLAM IN MODERN INDONESIA : NEW INSTITUTION, NEW MUSLIM GROUP, AND NEW ISLAMIC LIFESTYLE NEW MOSLEM MIDDLE CLASS 11 state institute- Santri & Hijab for women university Traditional Halal Food Certification by MUI Pesantren HAJJ & UMRAH More MOSQUES 36 state institute Zakat, infaq, shadaqah NGOs for Islamic Modern Pesantren studies 1990 1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 2010 1996 HIJABERS COMMUNITY ISLAMIC BANKS Muslim fashion ISLAMIC INSURANCE industries 21 NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES • The largest archipelagic country of Indonesia is enriched with natural and cultural resources potential for tourism purposes largest assets of tourism industries of the time The biggest archipelago of the world, No. 3rd longest coast line in the world, with Beautiful beaches and Best diving spot Raja Ampat in Papua, said to be one of the best diving spot with the most diverse marine biodiversity 22 NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES • crossed by mountain ranges circum-pacific, from west to east: mountains of Sumatera, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Maluku, & Papua The beautiful scenery of mountains Ranu Kumbolo Lake in Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park, East Java 23 NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES The most rich in natural resources, rain forest, natural ecosystem and landscapes Toba Lake in North Sumatera, the largest vulcanic lake in South East Asia, which is also rich in natural richness and beautifull landscapes 24 NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES . The most diverse tropical Asia flora & fauna (including marine diversity) . Rare and endemic species since Indonesia is also enriched with the Wallacea Ecoregion Peacock Bird Garuda Eagle Sumatran Tiger Cendrawasih, Bird of Paradise Orang Utan one-horned rhinoceros Sumatran Elephant Komodo, giant lizard Sumatran Tapir Tanimbar Corella Bird 25 NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES World Heritage cultural landscapes Subak, The cultural landscape of Bali Subak is a traditional ecologically sustainable irrigation system that binds Balinese agrarian society together within the