FUTURE INDONESIAN RAILWAYS AN INTERFACE REPORT TOWARDS THE NATIONAL RAILWAY MASTER PLAN FUTURE INDONESIAN RAILWAYS AN INTERFACE REPORT TOWARDS THE NATIONAL RAILWAY MASTER PLAN INDONESIA INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE August 2010 INDONESIA INFRASTRUCTURE INITIATIVE This document has been published by the Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative (IndII), an Australian Government funded project designed to promote economic growth in Indonesia by enhancing the relevance, quality and quantum of infrastructure investment. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Australia Indonesia Partnership or the Australian Government. Please direct any comments or questions to the IndII Director, tel. +62 (21) 230‐6063, fax +62 (21) 3190‐2994. Website: www.indii.co.id. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report has been prepared by Dr. Suyono Dikun, who was engaged under the Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative (IndII), funded by AusAID, as part of its initiative to assist the Ministry of Transport (MoT), Directorate General of Railways (DGR) in the development of a National Railway Master Plan. The support provided by the Directorate General of Railways (Ministry of Transportation) is gratefully acknowledged. Any errors of fact or interpretation are solely those of the author. Dr. Suyono Dikun Jakarta, 23 August 2010 © IndII 2010 All original intellectual property contained within this document is the property of the Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative (IndII). It can be used freely without attribution by consultants and IndII partners in preparing IndII documents, reports designs and plans; it can also be used freely by other agencies or organisations, provided attribution is given. Every attempt has been made to ensure that referenced documents within this publication have been correctly attributed. However, IndII would value being advised of any corrections required, or advice concerning source documents and/ or updated data. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 1 1.2 THE NATIONAL RAILWAY MASTER PLAN ................................................ 3 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE INTERFACE REPORT ................................................. 5 1.4 SYSTEMATICS OF THE INTERFACE REPORT .............................................. 5 1.4.1 Chapter 2 : Economic Dimension Of Indonesian Railways .... 6 1.4.2 Chapter 3: Future Indonesian Railway Development ............ 7 1.4.3 Chapter 5 : Investment And Financing Plans ......................... 7 1.4.4 Chapter 6 : Sub‐National Railway Plan .................................. 8 1.4.5 Chapter 7 : Strengthening Of The Institutional Capacity And Human Resources .................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2: ECONOMIC DIMENSION OF INDONESIAN RAILWAYS .............................. 9 2.1 RAIL AND THE ECONOMY ................................................................... 9 2.2 POST‐CRISIS INDONESIAN ECONOMY ................................................... 11 2.2.1 Post‐Crisis Economy ............................................................. 11 2.2.2 Long Term Development Plan .............................................. 13 2.2.3 Medium Term Development Plan I 2005‐2009 ................... 14 2.2.4 Medium Term Development Plan II 2010‐2014 .................. 15 2.2.5 Domestic Connectivity ......................................................... 16 2.3 SPATIAL CONSIDERATION AND THE REGIONAL ECONOMY ........................ 18 2.4 NATIONAL PRODUCTION INPUTS AND OUTPUTS .................................... 21 2.5 POPULATION PRESSURE .................................................................... 23 2.6 MASSIVE URBANISATION .................................................................. 24 2.7 INTER‐REGIONAL DISPARITIES ............................................................ 25 2.8 DECENTRALISATION AND REGIONAL AUTONOMY ................................... 26 CHAPTER 3: BUILDING INDONESIAN RAILWAYS ....................................................... 29 3.1 LAW CHANGES ............................................................................... 29 3.2 THE FUTURE OF INDONESIAN RAILWAYS .............................................. 30 3.3 LAW NUMBER 23/ 2007.................................................................. 33 3.4 REVITALISATION STEPS ..................................................................... 34 3.4.1 Role of Railway in the Transportation Sector ...................... 34 3.4.2 Multimodal Transportation ................................................. 35 3.4.3 Government Funding ........................................................... 36 3.4.4 Private Sector Funding ......................................................... 37 3.4.5 Institutional Revitalisation ................................................... 39 3.4.6 Ownership of National Railway Assets ................................ 40 3.4.7 Infrastructure Maintenance ................................................. 41 3.5 CORPORATE REVITALISATION .......................................................... 42 3.5.1 Role of PT Kereta Api Indonesia ........................................... 42 i 3.5.2 Utilisation of the Assets of PT KAI ........................................ 43 CHAPTER 4: URBAN RAILWAYS ................................................................................ 45 4.1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 45 4.2 RAIL‐BASED URBAN TRANSPORTATION ................................................ 47 4.3 JABODETABEK RAILWAY ................................................................... 50 4.3.1 Background .......................................................................... 50 4.3.2 Achieving Three Million Passengers Per Day ....................... 52 CHAPTER 5: INVESTMENT AND FINANCING DESIGNS ............................................... 57 5.1 ANALYSIS OF MARKET POTENTIALS ..................................................... 57 5.1.1 Passenger Market ................................................................ 60 5.1.2 Freight Market ..................................................................... 61 5.1.3 Competition with Other Modes ........................................... 63 5.2 CENTRAL ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT ................................................. 63 5.2.1 Indonesian Railway Infrastructures ..................................... 64 5.2.2 Rail Bridge Investments ....................................................... 65 5.2.3 Railway Facility Investments ................................................ 67 5.3 SUMATERA RAILWAY INVESTMENTS .................................................... 69 5.4 JAVA RAILWAY INVESTMENTS ............................................................ 71 5.4.1 Passenger Transport Prospects ............................................ 74 5.4.2 Java High‐Speed Train .......................................................... 75 5.4.3 Freight Transport Prospects ................................................. 76 5.4.4 Container Transport Prospects ............................................ 77 5.5 JAVA RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS .................................... 78 5.5.1 Rail Road .............................................................................. 78 5.5.2 Railway Bridge ...................................................................... 78 5.5.3 Signaling System .................................................................. 78 5.5.4 Level Crossing ....................................................................... 78 5.5.5 Stations and Terminals ......................................................... 79 5.6 KALIMANTAN RAILWAY INVESTMENTS ................................................. 79 5.7 SULAWESI RAILWAY INVESTMENTS ..................................................... 81 5.8 PAPUA RAILWAY PROSPECTS ............................................................. 82 5.9 INDONESIAN RAILWAY INVESTMENTS 2010‐2030 ................................. 83 CHAPTER 6: SUB‐NATIONAL RAILWAY PLAN ............................................................ 85 6.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 85 6.2 ANALYSIS REQUIRED ...................................................................... 85 6.3 TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE REGIONAL RMP . 88 6.3.1 Electrification ....................................................................... 88 6.3.2 Spur Width ........................................................................... 89 6.3.3 Financial and Financing Aspects .......................................... 89 6.3.4 Public – Private Partnership ................................................. 89 ii CHAPTER 7: STRENGTHENING OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY AND HUMAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 91 7.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 91 7.2 HUMAN RESOURCES CAPACITY BUILDING ............................................. 92 7.3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RAILWAYS ...................................................... 94 7.4 SOCIO‐ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDONESIAN RAILWAY ............................ 95 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Contribution of the Transportation Sector Towards National GDP (2009 Rp Billion,%)