Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State Volume 2005 Article 27 11-2005 Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Abilene, Austin, Brownwood, Bryan, Fort Worth, Waco, and Yoakum Districts, 2001-2003 Ross C. Fields Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Karl W. Kibler Prewitt and Associates, Inc. E. Frances Gadus Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Douglas K. Boyd FProllowewitt thisand andAssociates, additional Inc. works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Timothy Part of B. the Griffith American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, EnvirPrewittonmental and Associates, Studies Commons Inc. , Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Fields, Ross C.; Kibler, Karl W.; Gadus, E. Frances; Boyd, Douglas K.; and Griffith, Timothy B. (2005) "Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Abilene, Austin, Brownwood, Bryan, Fort Worth, Waco, and Yoakum Districts, 2001-2003," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2005 , Article 27. ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2005/iss1/27 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Archeological Impact Evaluations and Surveys in the Texas Department of Transportation's Abilene, Austin, Brownwood, Bryan, Fort Worth, Waco, and Yoakum Districts, 2001-2003 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2005/iss1/27 ARCHEOLOGICAL IMPACT EVALUATIONS AND SURVEYS IN THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION’S ABILENE, AUSTIN, BROWNWOOD, BRYAN, FORT WORTH, WACO, AND YOAKUM DISTRICTS, 2001–2003 by Ross C. Fields Karl W. Kibler E. Frances Gadus Douglas K. Boyd and Timothy B. Griffith with contributions by Christopher W. Ringstaff Patrick McLoughlin Corey Crawford Stephen M. Thompson and Cory J. Broehm Principal Investigator: Ross C. Fields REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS, NUMBER 143 Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas ARCHEOLOGICAL STUDIES PROGRAM, REPORT NO. 83 Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division November 2005 TEXAS ANTIQUITIES PERMIT NO. 2718 ARCHEOLOGICAL IMPACT EVALUATIONS AND SURVEYS IN THE TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION’S ABILENE, AUSTIN, BROWNWOOD, BRYAN, FORT WORTH, WACO, AND YOAKUM DISTRICTS, 2001–2003 Copyright © 2005 Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and Prewitt and Associates, Inc. (PAI) TxDOT and PAI jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all data and other information developed for this project under Contract 572XXSA002. Brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to TxDOT and PAI. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Program, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701. Copies of this publication have been deposited with the Texas State Library in compliance with the State Depository Requirement. jointly published by the Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division Archeological Studies Program G. Lain Ellis, Ph.D., Supervisor Archeological Studies Program, Report No. 83 Al McGraw, Series Editor and Prewitt and Associates, Inc. Cultural Resources Services Austin, Texas Reports of Investigations, Number 143 Printed by Morgan Printing in Austin, Texas ISBN 1-930788-53-3 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 Project Summary ................................................................................................................ 1 Environmental Setting ........................................................................................................ 2 Geology ................................................................................................................... 2 Natural Regions and Vegetation ............................................................................ 3 Major Drainages ..................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2: SYNOPSIS OF NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE HISTORY ................................... 11 Central Coastal Plain .......................................................................................................... 11 Southern East-Central Texas .............................................................................................. 16 Central Blackland Prairie ................................................................................................... 23 Northern and Northeastern Portions of Central Texas ..................................................... 25 North-Central Texas............................................................................................................ 31 Central Rolling Plains ......................................................................................................... 34 CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF IMPACT EVALUATIONS AND SURVEYS ..................................... 43 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 43 Synopsis of Work Authorizations ........................................................................................ 74 Impacts and Site Potential .................................................................................................. 75 Sites Investigated ................................................................................................................ 76 Work Authorization 3: 41WM646, 41WM1008, and 41WM1009 ............................ 101 Work Authorization 11: 41WS56 ............................................................................ 101 Work Authorization 13: 41BL1155 ......................................................................... 103 Work Authorization 17: 41FA69 ............................................................................. 103 Work Authorization 18: 41ML269 .......................................................................... 104 Work Authorization 20: 41MA26 ............................................................................ 104 Work Authorizations 25 and 29: 41CJ93 and41CJ94 ............................................. 104 Work Authorization 26: 41BU72 ............................................................................ 105 Work Authorization 30: Marked Historic Grave ................................................... 106 Work Authorization 32: 41WM908 ......................................................................... 106 Work Authorization 37: 41DW275.......................................................................... 106 Work Authorizations 39 and 56: 41GZ210 ............................................................. 107 Work Authorization 41: 41HI292 ........................................................................... 107 Work Authorization 47: 41BU51, 41BU54, and 41BU75 ....................................... 108 Work Authorization 54: 41TV2022 and 41TV2023 ................................................. 109 Work Authorization 55: 41SV152 ........................................................................... 111 iii Work Authorization 60: 41HW47 ........................................................................... 112 Work Authorization 67: 41FS92 ............................................................................. 112 Work Authorization 74: 41FT529 ........................................................................... 112 Work Authorization 75: 41LT70 ............................................................................. 113 Work Authorization 79: 41BL259 ........................................................................... 114 Work Authorization 80: 41KT32 and 41KT165 ...................................................... 115 Work Authorization 81: 41ML77 ............................................................................ 115 Work Authorization 81: 41ML24, 41ML28, and 41ML80 ...................................... 116 Work Authorization 84: 41GM3.............................................................................. 116 Work Authorizations 89 and 99: Isolated Historic-age Well and Possible Cemetery .............................................................................................. 118 Work Authorizations 90 and 99: 41NL128