Agricultural Resources of Pennsylvania, c 1700-1960 Northern Tier Grasslands, 1830-1960 2 Northern Tier Grasslands, 1830-1960 Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Climate, Soils, and Topography ........................................................................................... 9 Historical Farming Systems ..................................................................................................... 9 A Diversified Woodland, Grassland, and Livestock Economy, c. 1830-to About 1860...... 10 Products, c. 1830 to 1860 ......................................................................................................... 10 Labor and Land Tenure, c. 1830-1860 ................................................................................. 12 Buildings and Landscape, c. 1830-1860 .............................................................................. 13 Houses, 1830-1860 ...................................................................................................... 13 Barns, c. 1830-1860 ..................................................................................................... 13 Outbuildings, c. 1830-1860.......................................................................................... 14 Landscape, c. 1830-1860 ............................................................................................. 14 Diversified Home Dairying, 1860-1900 ............................................................................... 15 Products, 1860-1900............................................................................................................. 15 Labor and Land tenure, 1860-1900 ...................................................................................... 20 Buildings and Landscapes, 1860-1900 ................................................................................. 22 Houses, 1860-1900 ...................................................................................................... 22 Barns and Outbuildings, 1860-1900 ............................................................................ 25 Barns, 1860-1900 ......................................................................................................... 25 Woodshed and Wood houses, 1860-1900 .................................................................... 31 Ice House, 1860-1900 .................................................................................................. 31 Sugar House, 1860-1900 .............................................................................................. 32 Poultry House, 1860-1900 ........................................................................................... 32 Privy, 1860-1900.......................................................................................................... 32 Granary, 1860-1900 ..................................................................................................... 32 Wagon Shed, 1860-1900 .............................................................................................. 34 Carriage House, 1860-1900 ......................................................................................... 35 Shop, 1860-1900 ......................................................................................................... 35 Honey Colony 1860-1900 ............................................................................................ 36 Corn crib, 1860-1900 ................................................................................................... 36 Landscape Features, 1860-1900 ........................................................................................... 37 Field Patterns ............................................................................................................... 37 Fences .......................................................................................................................... 38 Pastoral Place Names, Fish Farms ............................................................................... 38 Wood Lots .................................................................................................................... 39 Sugar Bush ................................................................................................................... 41 1900-1960: Fluid Milk and Poultry ..................................................................................... 41 Products, 1900-1960............................................................................................................. 42 Labor and Land Tenure, 1900-1960 .................................................................................... 45 Buildings and Landscapes, 1900-1960 ................................................................................. 46 Houses, 1900-1960 ...................................................................................................... 46 Barns, 1900-1960 ......................................................................................................... 46 Silos, 1900-1960 .......................................................................................................... 52 Milk Houses, 1900-1960 .............................................................................................. 54 Poultry Houses, 1900-1960 .......................................................................................... 58 Privy, 1900-1960.......................................................................................................... 63 3 Northern Tier Grasslands, 1830-1960 Garage, 1900-1960 ....................................................................................................... 63 Machine Shed, 1900-1960 ............................................................................................ 64 Corncrib, 1900-1960 .................................................................................................... 65 Hay Drying Shed, 1900-1960 ....................................................................................... 66 Landscape Features, 1900-1960 ................................................................................... 67 Farm Layout ................................................................................................................. 67 Orchard ......................................................................................................................... 68 Contour Plowing and Strip Cropping ........................................................................... 68 Farm Ponds ................................................................................................................... 69 Roadside Treelines ....................................................................................................... 70 Wire Fencing ................................................................................................................ 70 Ornamental Plantings ................................................................................................... 70 Stone Fences ................................................................................................................. 71 Pasture .......................................................................................................................... 71 Farm Lanes ................................................................................................................... 71 Woodlot ........................................................................................................................ 71 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion A, Agriculture ........................ 74 Property Types and Registration Requirements Specific to the Northern Tier Grasslands Region ........................................................................................ 79 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion B, nAssociatio with the lives of Significant Persons ................................................................ 81 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion C, Design and Construction ... 83 Property Types and Registration Requirements – Criterion D, Archaeology ...................... 90 Statement of Integrity ............................................................................................................... 98 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 104 Endnotes ............................................................................................................................... 110 4 Northern Tier Grasslands, 1830-1960 This document is a parallel to the official National Register MPDF narrative. The two versions are not identical, but they contain the same information differently organized. National Register policy prohibits embedded images in official documentation. These PDF versions re-integrate the images for the reader's convenience. The National Register documentation was completed and submitted piecemeal. This PDF document reflects the updates made during the process of making statewide coverage together, again for the reader's convenience. Conceptualization: Historical Farming Systems and Historic Agricultural