Laboratory Phonology 7 ≥ Phonology and Phonetics 4-1 Editor Aditi Lahiri Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York Laboratory Phonology 7 edited by Carlos Gussenhoven Natasha Warner Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York 2002 Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin. Țȍ Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Die Deutsche Bibliothek Ϫ Cataloging-in-Publication Data Laboratory phonology / ed. by Carlos Gussenhoven ; Natasha Warner. Ϫ Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 7. Ϫ (2002) (Phonology and phonetics ; 4,1) ISBN 3-11-017086-8 ISBN 3-11-017087-6 Ą Copyright 2002 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printing & Binding: Hubert & Co., Göttingen Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin. Printed in Germany. Table of Contents List of authors ix Acknowledgements xi Introduction xiii Carlos Gussenhoven & Natasha Warner Part 1: Phonological Processing and Encoding 1 The role of the lemma in form variation 3 Daniel Jurafsky, Alan Bell & Cynthia Girand Phonological encoding of single words: In search of the 35 lost syllable Niels O. Schiller, Albert Costa & Angels Colome´ Temporal distribution of interrogativity markers in Dutch: 61 A perceptual study Vincent J. van Heuven & Judith Haan Phonological Encoding in speech production: Comments 87 on Jurafsky et al., Schiller et al., and van Heuven & Haan Willem P. J. Levelt Word-specific phonetics 101 Janet B. Pierrehumbert Phoneme frequency in spoken word reconstruction 141 Danny R. Moates, Z. S. Bond & Verna Stockmal Temporal neutralization in Japanese 171 Haruo Kubozono vi Table of Contents A typological study of stress ‘deafness’ 203 Sharon Peperkamp & Emmanuel Dupoux Confluent talker- and listener-oriented forces in clear 237 speech production Ann R. Bradlow Phonological Processing: Comments on Pierrehumbert, 275 Moates et al., Kubozono, Peperkamp & Dupoux, and Bradlow Anne Cutler Part 2: In the laboratory and in the field: relating 297 phonetics and phonology Explosives, implosives and nonexplosives: The phonological 299 function of air pressure differences in stops G. N. Clements & Sylvester Osu Assimilatory processes and aerodynamic factors 351 Maria-Josep Sole´ Tonal association and target alignment in European 387 Portuguese nuclear falls So´nia Frota Gestural overlap and recoverability: Articulatory evidence 419 from Georgian Ioana Chitoran, Louis Goldstein & Dani Byrd The Phonetics-Phonology Interface: Comments on 449 Clements & Osu, Sole´, Frota, and Chitoran et al. Bruce Hayes The search for primitives in phonology and the explanation 455 of sound patterns: The contribution of fieldwork studies Didier Demolin Table of Contents vii Acoustic correlates of rhythm class 515 Esther Grabe & Ee Ling Low From pitch accent to stress accent in Basque 547 Jose´ I. Hualde, Gorka Elordieta, In˜aki Gaminde & Rajka Smiljanic´ Lexically contrastive stress accent and lexical tone in Ma’ya 585 Bert Remijsen Field work and phonological theory: Comments on 615 Demolin, Grabe & Low, Hualde et al., and Remijsen W. Leo Wetzels Underspecified recognition 637 Aditi Lahiri & Henning Reetz Speech recognition: Comments on Lahiri & Reetz 677 Dafydd Gibbon Subject Index 687 Author Index 693 Language Index 717 List of authors Alan Bell University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Z. S. Bond Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA Ann R. Bradlow Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA Dani Byrd Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut, USA and University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA Ioanna Chitoran Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA G. N. Clements CNRS, Paris, France Angels Colome´ Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Albert Costa Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA Anne Cutler Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Didier Demolin Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Emmanuel Dupoux Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Pycholinguis- tiques (EHESS/CNRS), Paris, France Gorka Elordieta University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain So´nia Frota Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal In˜aki Gaminde University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Dafydd Gibbon Universität Bielefeld, Germany Cynthia Girand University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Louis Goldstein Yale University and Haskins Laboratories, New Ha- ven, Connecticut, USA Esther Grabe University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Carlos Gussenhoven University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Judith Haan University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Bruce Hayes University of California at Los Angeles, USA Vincent J. van Heuven Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands Jose´ Ignacio Hualde University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Daniel Jurafsky University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Haruo Kubozono Kobe University, Japan Aditi Lahiri Universität Konstanz, Germany Willem P. J. Levelt Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Ee Ling Low Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Danny R. Moates Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA Sylvester Osu LLACAN-CNRS, Villejuif, France Sharon Peperkamp Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Pycholinguis- tiques (EHESS/CNRS), Paris and Universite´ de Paris VIII, Saint Denis, France x List of authors Janet B. Pierrehumbert Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA Henning Reetz Universität Konstanz, Germany Bert Remijsen Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands Niels O. Schiller Universiteit Maastricht, The Netherlands and Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Rajka Smiljanic´ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Maria-Josep Sole´ Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Spain Verna Stockmal Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA W. Leo Wetzels Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Natasha Warner Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Acknowledgements The Seventh Conference on Laboratory Phonology could not have been held the way it was without the financial support of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, the Netherlands Organization for Sci- entific Research, the University of Nijmegen, the Arts Faculty of the University of Nijmegen and the Max Planck Institute for Psy- cholinguistics. Neither would it have been possible without the commitment of our stalwart co-organizer Toni Rietveld, our effi- cient conference assistants Petra van Alphen, Aoju Chen, Nicole Cooper and Andrea Weber, our quietly competent webmaster Keith Alcock, or our reassuringly professional administrative as- sistant Marlene Jonas. We are greatly indebted to them all. We would also like to thank the many reviewers of the abstracts, the speakers, and the contributors to the 45 poster presentations. Thanks also go to Pieter Nieuwint for enlivening the conference dinner with a LabPhon song which he composed specially for the occasion. We owe the smooth progress in the production of these pro- ceedings to the advice of the standing Laboratory Phonology Committee, in particular the former series editors Mary Beckman and John Kingston, who unofficially continued their good services during the transition to the new publisher, as well as to all the authors and reviewers. We are grateful to Jeroen van de Weijer for preparing the indices and to Ursula Kleinhenz and Annelies Au- rich of Mouton de Gruyter for the efficient and friendly way in which they oversaw the production process. Introduction Carlos Gussenhoven and Natasha Warner The Seventh Conference in Laboratory Phonology was co- hosted by the University of Nijmegen and the Max Planck Insti- tute for Psycholinguistics from 28 June to 1 July 2000, and was the first conference in the series to be held outside an English- speaking country. The organisational format which had made the first six conferences so successful was followed in Nijmegen, too. Thematically, the conference’s location is reflected in the two parts into which this volume has been divided. Part 1 deals with phono- logical issues from a psycholinguistic perspective, while Part 2 deals with the relation between phonetics and phonology in a way that was envisaged by the organizers of the first conference, Mary Beckman and John Kingston, at a time when the combined study of phonological representations and the phonetic record was not yet self-evident. As a whole, the volume comprises the written ver- sions of 17 oral presentations and five commentaries, one of which, that by Dafydd Gibbon, represents a contribution that was invited after the conference. The number of commentaries reflects the original sub-thematic structure of the conference, which was divided into fives sections. Two of these, Phonological Encoding and Phonological Processing, represented the psycholinguistic half, while three, Field work and phonological theory, Speech tech- nology and phonological theory, and the Phonology-Phonetics interface, reflected other local interests. The series of Laboratory Phonology conferences has played a crucial role in healing the ‘cultural fissure’ between phoneticians and phonologists which still existed in 1987 when the first confer- ence was organised