IOBC/WPRS Working Group "Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms" OILB/SROP Groupe de Travail "Pesticides et Organismes Utiles" GUIDELINES FOR TESTING THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON BENEFICIAL ORGANISMS: DESCRIPTION OF TEST METHODS Edited by S.A. Hassan IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Bulletin OILB/SROP 1992/XV/3 I NTROOUCTION Selective pesticides that can be used to control pests without adversely affecting important natural enemies are needed for modern pest management. Testing the side effect of pesticides on beneficial organisms is therefore gaining increasing attention by research workers in different parts of the world. To encourage international cooperation, the Working Group "Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms" of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC), West Palearctic Regional Section- (\:4PRS) was formed in 1974. Standard methods to test the side -effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms were developed according to co1111lon characteristics. Whereas harmlessness of pesticides can easily be shown by laboratory experiments, harmfulness can only be confirmed under practical conditions in the field. Pesticides found to be harmless to a particular beneficial in the laboratory test are most likeky to be harmless to the same organism in the field and no further testing in semi-field or field experiments is therefore reco1111lended. Short description of 19 laboratory, 12 semi-field and 5 field test methods as well as the result of testing of about 100 pesticides on 9 to 20 beneficials were published elsewhere. The present IOBC- Bulletin is the second of a series that includes the full text of guidelines to test the side effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms, the first IOBC­ Bulletin (Xl/4) was published in 1988.. S. A. HASSAN {Group convenor) I LIST OF PARTICIPI.NTS F.M. BAKKER Universiteit Amsterdam HEIK!H HOKICANEl{ Dept. Pure &·Applied Ecology University of Helsinki Sect. Population Biology/MITDX Department of Agricultural Kruislaan 302 and Forest Zoology 1098 SM Amsterdam, Niederlande 00710 Helsinki, Finnland m\RKUS BIERI P. HUANG Bahnhofst:.::-" 30 NiedersachsischesForstliche 8803 Rus�hlikon, Schweiz Versuchsanstalt Abteilung B - Waldschutz SYLVIA BLmmL Gratzelstr. 2 Bundesanstalt fur Pflanzenschutz W-3400 Gottingen, Germany Trunnerstr. 1 - 5 1020 Wien, Osterreich P.C. JEPSO� Dept. of Biology H. BOGENSCHUTZ Building 62 Fors·tliche Versuchs- und The University Forschungsanstalt Southampton S09 3TU, England Badsn-wurttemberg Abteilung Waldschutz ISTVAN KISS Wonnhaldestr. 4 GABOR BAKONYI W-7800 Freiburg, Germany Department of Zoology and Ecology, University ,....."'rolUO GARRIOOVIVAS of Agricultural Sciences Dept. Proteccion Vegetal 2103 Godollo, ungarn Institute Valenciana de Investigaciones Agrarias GAVIU LEWIS I.V.I.A. Ecology Section ICI Agrochemicals Moncada, Valencia, Spanien Jealot't's Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berkshire Sherif A. HASSAN RG12 6EY, England Institut fur Biologischen Pflanzenschutz der L. HORETH Biologischen Bundesanstalt fur Bayerische Landesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau Heinrichstr. 243 Abteilung Pflanzenschutz 6100 Darns'i:adt, Germany Menzinger Str. 54 W-8000 J'iilnchen, Germany UDO HEIMBACH CHRISTI.AH /.BEL P. A. oomm Biologische Bundesanstalt Plant Protection service Inst. f. Pflanzenschutz in Gee:ctjesweg 15 Ackerbau u. Grunland P.O.Box 9102 Messeweg 11/12 6700 HC Wageningen, Niederlande W-3300 Braunschweig, Germany L. SAliSOE-PETERSEN HEIL HELYER STatens Plantevaernscenter HRI Afd. F. Jordbrugszool Worthing Road Lottenborgvej 2 Littlehampton 2800 Lyngby, Danemark Sussex BN 17 6LP, England II BENOIT SAUPHANOR Station de Zoologie - !NRA Domains st. Paul BP 91 84140 Montfavet, Frankreich HIGO TORHIER GAB Biotechnologie GmbH Eutinger Str. 24 w-7532 Niefern-Oschelbronn, Germany AANA VAINIO Agricultural Research Center Institute of Plant Protection 31600 Jokioinen, Finnland HARCUS VAH DE VEIJRE Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Gent Coupure 653 9000 Gent, Belgien HEIDRUM VOGT Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft Institut fur Pflanzenschutz im Obstbau Postfach 73 W-6915 Dossenheim, Germany III IOBC/WPRS WORKING GROUP PESTICIDES AND BE�EFICIAL ORGANISMS DESCRIPTION OF TEST METHODS CONTENTS HASSAN, S.A.: Introduction. I HASSAN, S.A.: Meeting of the working group "Pesticides and beneficial organisms", University of Southampton, UK, September 1991...•.....•....•... I JEPSON, P. and MEAD-BRIGGS, M.: A discussion of methods used in semi- field studies to evaluate pesticide toxicity to beneficial invertebrates.. .. .. •. .. •. •. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. •. 4 HASSAN, S.A.: Guideline for the evaluation of side effects of plant protection products on Trichogranuna cacoeciae, sequential testing 18 progranme. .. •. .• . •. .. .. .. •. • .. • .. .. •. .. .. .. .. • •. .. •. .. .. • . .. BOGE�SCHOTZ, H.: Richtlinie zur Ermittlung der Nebenwirkungen von Pflanzenschutzmtteln auf die Schlupfwespe Coccygomimus turione11ae .....•.. 40 GARRIDO, A.: Pesticides toxicity over pupal of Cales noacki Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae) ..................................•....•................ 56 BAKKER, F., GROVE, A., BLOMEL, S., CALIS, J. and OOMEN, P.: Side-effect 61 tests for Phytoseiids and their rearing methods. ..•........•.•...•..•....• SAMSOE-PETERSEN, L.: Laboratory method for testing side-effects of 82 pesticides on the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata-adults . ....•.........•.. VEIRE, M. van de: Laboratory methods for testing side-effects of pesticides on the predatory bug Orius niger Wolff ........•................. 89 HELYER, N.: Guideline for the laboratory evaluation of pesticides against the aphid predatory midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) . ..•....•......................................... 96 HEIMBACH, U.: Laboratory method to test effects of pesticides on 103 Poecilus cupreus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) . ....•...........•................ LEWIS, G.B.; BROWN, R.A.; EDWARDS, P.J. and CANNING, L.C.: A laboratory test method for assessing the toxicity of pesticides to the ground 110 beetle Pterostichus melanarius (L.) (Carabidae, Coleoptera) . .............. SAUPHANOR, B., BLAISINGER, P. and SUREAU, F.: Methode de laboratoire pour evaluer l'effet des pesticides sur Forficula auricularia L. 117 (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) . ...............................•.............. HUANG, P.: Entwurf einer Vorlaufigen Richtlinie zur Prufung der Wirkung 122 von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Isotoma tigrina NICOLET (Collembola) ......... V KISS, I. and BAKONYI, G.: Guideline for testing the effects of 131 pesticides on Folsomia candida Willem (Collembola): laboratory tests ........ BIERI, M.: Guidelines for the Daniel funnel test - a laboratory test to 139 measure side effects of pesticides on the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris ... L.• VAINIO, A.: Guideline for laboratory testing of the side-effects of 145 pesticides on entomophagous nematodes Steinernema spp ....................... HOKKANEN, H.M.T. and KOTILUOTO, R.: Bioassay of the side -effects of pesticides on Beauveria bassi�na and Metarhizium anisoplae: Standardized 148 sequential testing procedure. ................•................•............• MORETH, L. and NATON, E.: Richtlinie zur Prufung der Nebenwirkung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Aleochara biliniata Gyll. (Col., 152 Staphyl in idae) (erweiterter Laborversuch)..... .. .. .. .• . .. .. .. .. HEIMBACH, U., BOCHS, W. and ABEL, C.: A semi-field method close to field conditions to test effects of pesticides on Poecilus cupreus L. 159 (Coleopte;�a, Carabidae).. .......•...........•..•.....•....•.........•....... TORNIER, I. and DRESCHER, W.: A semi-field testing method for the evaluation of pesticides with the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (Dipt., Syrph idae). .. .. .. .. .. .. •. .. .. .. .. •. .• . .. .. • . .. .. • .. .. •. 166 ABEL, C. and HEIMBACH, U.: Testing effects of pesticides on Poecilus 171 cupreus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in a standardized semi-field test . ..•....•. VOGT, H.; RUMPF, S.; WETZEL, C. and HASSAN, S.A.: A field method for testing effects of pesticides on larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Steph. (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) .......•....•............ 176 JEPSON, P. and MEAD-BRIGGS, M.: The field approach to pesticide 183 ecotoxicity testing against beneficial invertebrates in cereals ............. VI MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP "'PESTICIDES AND BENEFICIAL ORGANISMS"' ,. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ,. UK ,. SEPTEMBER 1991. S.A. HASSAN Insitute for Biological Pest Control, Heinrichstr. 243, 0-6100 Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany. The meeting of the �forking Group took1991. place at the University of Southampton on September 24 to 26, The invitation came from Dr. Paul Jepson, Department of Biology, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton. The following topics were discussed at the meeting: (1) The standard characteristics of "extended 1 aboratory" and "semi- f ie ld" test methods were discussed. It was proposed to rename some of the semi-field test methods to be "extended laboratory". In an "extended laboratory" method, a more realistic method of exposure, compared to the laboratory test, should be used in a standard manner (plant leaves, natural soil or plant cover) and the experiments may be carried out under controlled field simu1ated environmental conditions. A "semi­ field" test is conducted under true field conditions (field environment, soil and crop cover). Commonly used methods of pestic1des application and timing of treatment are adapted. Laboratory reared natural