23. The Pseudo-Byzantine Coinage. 23.4. The earliest Arab-Byzantine coins: 638-647 (Foss; 5.26 gms. 030. 2008). 1 623.99. Emperor and Empress standing (Goodwin Type A). 23.1. m; NIUKO below. 10.16 gms. 160. 637.99. 23.5.* 5.24 gms. 180. 779.02. Three standing figures each holding globus cruciger or cross (Goodwin Type B). Type B (i) (M); Cyprus imitations. PS&S Class I.1a; pseudo-mint mark (a). M, X/u/II to right, à beneath, KVâP below. 23.6. 4.94 gms. 180. 205.87. 23.2.* 5.66 gms. 030. 110.85. 23.7. 4.12 gms. 180. 1366.08. 23.3.* 5.63 gms. 200. 502.95. 308 Type B (i) (M); Cyprus imitations. Type B (ii) (M); other imitations citing year 17 PS&S Class I.1a; pseudo-mint mark (a). (mainly X/u/II). PS&S Class I.1; pseudo-mint marks b-d. 23.8.* 4.11 gms. 200. 23.12.* 781.02. NñuP; à. MIB x44. 6.48 gms. 180. 474.95. 23.9. 3.96 gms. 180. 587.97. 23.13. Nñu; à. 5.61 gms. 190. 536.95.2 23.10.* 3.69 gms. 150. 586.97. 23.14. X/1/I. CON; à. 5.47 gms. 150. 585.96. 23.11. 3.50 gms. 150. 780.02. 23.15.* VOk; à. 4.42 gms. 000. 836.02. 309 Year 7 (I1 or 1/I). 23.16. ñCP; B. MIB x51. 4.27 gms. 270. 500.95. 23.20.* NIKO; B. 9.45 gms. 210. 798.02. 23.17. CON; ». 3.84 gms. 000. 499.95. 23.21.* CON; à. 8.09 gms. 180. 3 1601.12. 23.18. ñCP; B. MIB x51. Year 12 (IX/I) or X/II). 3.61 gms. 180. 837.02. Type B (iii) (M); other pseudo-dates/mint marks. 23.22.* PS&S Class I.1; pseudo-mint marks b-d. NIKO. 4.41 gms. 200. Year 5 (u). 916.02. 23.19. NIKO; A. 23.23. 8.20 gms. 340. 494.95. ñ. 3.86 gms. 180. 1928.13. 310 Type B (iii) (M); other pseudo-dates/mint marks. Year 16 (X/1). Year 13 (X/II/I or X/III). 23.28. B. 23.24. 4.85 gms. 240. CON; à. 1287.06.4 7.17 gms. 000. 1995.14. Year 14 (X/IIII). 23.29. CON; à. 4.25 gms. 200. 1367.08. 23.25.* tHP; B. MIB x43. 5.58 gms. 290. 152.87. 23.30.* ION; A. 2.97 gms. 190. 651.99. 23.26. tHP; B. Year 20 (X/X). MIB x43. 5.30 gms. 180. 834.02. 23.31.* KYZ; A. 5.43 gms. 000. 2077.15. 23.27. tHP; B. MIB x43. 4.55 gms. 180. 670.00. 311 Type B (iii) (M); other pseudo-dates/mint marks. PS&S Class I.1; pseudo-mint marks b-d. Year 20 (X/X). 23.36. i. 3.92 gms. 180. 835.02. 23.32. tHñuP; ñ. 5.26 gms. 160. 475.95. 23.37. 3.89 gms. 150. 588.97. 23.33.* B. 4.35 gms. 180. 1500.10. 23.38. å. Uncertain year. 3.08 gms. 000. 658.99. 23.34. Two standing male figures (PS&S Class II.1). uH; È. 7.87 gms. 030. Cyprus imitation; year 17 (X/u/II). 5 1540.11. 23.39.* Vãâ; à. PS&S pl. VI, 1. 4.49 gms. 180. 1365.08. 23.35.* 4.51 gms. 030. 577.96. 312 Two standing figures; main figure in military dress PS&S Class I.2. Three standing figures; central holding a long cross (Goodwin Type C). figure in military dress holding a long cross. Year 13 (X/III). 23.40. M between A/N/N/O and A/í/ã, ñ beneath, COtK below. 23.44.* 4.59 gms. 090. A beneath. 1979.13. 3.68 gms. 000. 1439.09. Year 15 (X/u). 23.41. ã beneath. 4.27 gms. 000. 659.99.6 23.45. ñ beneath. 4.64 gms. 020. 1368.08. 23.42. Heraclian monogram Half folles (K); two standing figures. to right. 4.18 gms. 170. 657a.99.7 23.46.* 1. 2.88 gms. 200. 1983.13. 23.43. X/I to right, à beneath. 3.24 gms. 170. 657b.99.8 23.47. 2.12 gms. 170. 1945.13. 313 Facing bust: 645-647 (Foss; 2008). Beardless bust (Goodwin Type G). Cyprus imitation; year 17 (X/u/II). 23.52. 3.69 gms. 000. 359r.90. 23.48.* Kñâ; à. 4.65 gms. 210. 1645.12. & PS S Class III.1b (pl. VII, 3). M, ñ/O to right, O3O below. PS&S Class III.1a. Obverse legend INPñR CONSt. 23.53.* 4.36 gms. 200. 1649.12. 23.49.* M between A/N and A II ñ / / . 3.84 gms. 030. 2036.14. 23.54. 4.29 gms. 220. Other pseudo-dates and mint marks. 501.95. 23.50.* M between A/N/O and 1/I, å beneath, KYZ below. 4.40 gms. 220. 373.91.9 23.55. 4.11 gms. 330. 1987.13. 23.51. A. 3.93 gms. 180. 1647.12. 314 PS&S Class III. 23.60. 4.53 gms. 000. 23.56. 1957.13. CON; A. 3.71 gms. 080. 1371.08. Bearded bust (Goodwin Type H). 23.61. 3.96 gms. 140. 1988.13. 23.57.* M, 1/II to right. 5.47 gms. 000. 2035.14. 23.62. 3.26 gms. 140. 23.58. 1937.13. M, ã beneath. 3.87 gms. 030. 359q.90. The Imitative Coinage: 647-670 (PS&S Class IV). 23.63. 3.18 gms. 200. Imperial figure standing wearing crown with cross 760.01. and holding long cross and globus cruciger. A/N/A N/ñ/O (or similar) around m. m; close imitations (Goodwin Type E); (Foss; 2008). 23.64. m between A/N/N 23.59.* and A/ú/ã. 8.81 gms. 000. 2.86 gms. 150. 2067.14. 1540a.11. 315 Poor imitations (Goodwin Type E); (Foss; 2008). The Lazy S coinage. 23.65. 23.70.* CON. m; 3/È/N/O to left. 3.88 gms. 200. 2.93 gms. 010. 1538.11. 571.96. 23.71. 23.66. m between X/S and 3.61 gms. 150. K/N/S, A beneath. 1316.07. 2.63 gms. 250. 572.96. 23.72. m between A/3 and 3/ñ/O. 23.67. D. O. (Foss) 27. 2.87 gms. 150. 4.05 gms. 110. 590.97. 1498.10. Standing figure with M. Close imitations (Foss; 2008). 23.68. 2.62 gms. 150. 514.95. 23.73.* M, à beneath, NIK below. 4.51 gms. 180. 498.95. 23.69. 2.14 gms. 030. 513.95. 316 Standing figure with M: Close imitations (Foss; 2008). 23.78. PS&S pl. X, 5. 2.57 gms. 180. 23.74.* 1373.08. M, 1/I to right, B beneath, KYZ below. 3.53 gms. 030. 1946.13. 23.79. 2.91 gms. 170. 1317.07. 23.75. 2.97 gms. 000. 1545.11. Type I (circa 670); copying a Sicilian follis of Constantine IV. Bust facing wearing cuirass and helmet with plume and holding a globus cruciger. Poor imitations (Foss; 2008). M between two figures; SCL below. 23.76.* PS&S pl. X, 5. 23.80. 5.25 gms. 200. 1372.08. D. O. 25. 2.61 gms. 180. 1559.11.10 REFERENCES AND GENERAL NOTES 23.77. Goodwin, T., Arab-Byzantine Coinage, Studies in PS&S pl. X, 5. the Khalili Collection, London, 2004. This is the 4.14 gms. 180. best introduction. It classifies the Pseudo- 1374.08. Byzantine coinage by iconographical type (Types A- I), building, perhaps, on an initial survey of the subject by Shraga Qedar in Copper Coinage of Syria in the Seventh and Eighth Century A. D., Israel Numismatic Journal, volume 10 (1988-89), pp. 27- 39. A great deal of information is also provided in 317 Pottier, Schulze and Schulze, Pseudo-Byzantine 23.10. All of the reverse is retrograde. Coinage in Syria under Arab Rule (638 - c. 670); 23.12-13. Intriguingly, there seems to be a u in classification and dating; in Revue Belge de the left hand obverse field of MIB x44 (plate 15). Numismatique, CLIV (2008), pp. 87-155; (Pottier et See also V. C. Vecchi auction no. 7 (March 1982), al., or PS&S). On some of the coins with date lot 521, for a similar coin to 23.13 on which the arrangements, see Goodwin, T., A Mint Striking same symbol is visible in the obverse left field. Early Dated (?) Arab-Byzantine Coins, Numismatic 23.15. The date arrangement is to the left of the Circular (NC) April 2011, pp. 8-12; for catalogue M and is retrograde but year 17 seems to be numbers 23.46; 23.57 and 23.74. intended. 23.20. Partly retrograde reverse. A basic chronological structure is given in Foss, C., 23.21. No obverse legend but of a good standard Arab-Byzantine Coins, An Introduction with a of manufacture. catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks collection (D. O. 23.22. The coin may be a regular class 4 follis of Byzantine Collection Publications 12), Washington Heraclius, but these are not known for regnal year DC, 2008. The classification provided by Goodwin 11 and the fabric, style and blundered lettering of has been modified slightly for the purposes of this the coin point towards a copy of some kind.