Index S.N.G. see substitute natural gas Doncaster 98, 108 solvent extraction of 136 Drake, Col. Edwin 13 References in italics refer to captions to stocks of 52 Drax Power Station 101, 108, 103 illustrations. strip mining in USA 27 Dust 87, 89 sub-bituminous 32 Accidents 50 substitute natural gas from 134, 138 Early mechanisation underground 46-8 Ackton Hall Colliery 97 supercritical extraction of 136 coalcutters 46 A.F.C. see Armoured face conveyor syncrude 134, 138 Dosco 48 Allied Mills Ltd 119 synthesis gas from 134 Duckbill loader 47 Ancient mining 32-5, 33, 34, 35, 36 vegetable origin 29, 31 Gloster getter 48 Anderson Mavor ranging-drum shearer 83 see also Early mechanisation underground Huwood loader 47 Armoured face (or flexible) conveyor 48, 52, and Mechanisation Joy loader 47, 48 55 Coalcutter 4, see also Early mechanisation Lee-Norse miner 48 Ashington Colliery 34 underground and Mechanisation Logan slab-cutter 48 Athabasca tar sands II Coalface 42 see also Mechanisation; Shelton loader 47 Automation and remote control 93 prop-free-front face shuttlecar 47 Coalface lighting 50 U skside miner 48 Babcock and Wilcox fluidised bed boiler 133 Coalmining 56-57 Eggborough 127 Barlby 127 ancient mining in China 29 Eggborough Power Station 101, 108 Barlow No.2 borehole 98, 104 ancient mining in Britain 13, 32, 33, 42 Energy integration 138 Beeston Seam 98 belt conveyors 43, 45 Environment, Department of the 114, 120, Bell pit 32, 33 Channel Tunnel (1882) 86 128 Betws drift 22 dinting 64 European Community 18 Bevercotes Colliery 70 early hoisting and pumping methods 34, Explosion of gas 89 Bishop's Wood, Wistow 124 35, 38 Ezra, Sir Derek 112, 113 Blastfurnace 130 early underground mechanisation 46-8 Blasting 38 electrical equipment 46-7, 61 Featherstone 97 Blelloch, James 123 Inspectorate 52 Ferrybridge Power Station 101 BOCM Silcock Ltd 108, 119 jigger conveyors 43 Flameproofness 87-8 Bradford 97 longwall mining 47, 56, 57, 53 Fluidised bed burning of coal 7, 130-32, 138, Bradshaw, Martin 126 packing 81 131, 132, 133 Bramley, Makin 121 pillar extraction 38 pressurised 132 British Gas Corporation 134, 132 pumped packing 81 Formed coke 130 British Rail 116, 124 productivity 52, 61 Forrest, W. 100, 105, 107, 112 British Waterways 116 retreat mining 63 Fryston Colliery 97 ripping 64 Fuels Camblesforth borehole 98 ripping lip 64, 81, 84 comparison 139 Cambois 126 roof control 48, 50, 54 conversion 129, 138-140 Cannock Chase 41 room and pillar mining 38, 43 crisis of(l973) 6, 8, 100, Ill Carboniferous swamp 30 scraper-chain conveyor 43, 47 input to electricity and gas 25 Carlton 127 shift working, three-shift working 52 marketing and reserves of6, 10, 11, 13, 16, Castleford 97, 126 see also Cutter-loaders, Mechanisation, 12 Cawood Common borehole 100, 108, Ill, 98 Underground transport usage and living standards 8-11 Central Electricity Generating Board 22, 96, Coalplex 7, 138, 139 waste of 11, 129 112, 122 Coal Research Establishment 7, 75, 135 Chadwick, Dr Michaell24 fluidised bed burning ofcoall30-32, 138, Gas (methane) 87, 129 Chainless haulage 60 131, 132, 133 substitute natural gas 134, 138 Cliffe 127 heatshrinking 129 Glasshoughton Colliery 97 Club of Rome 10, II reflectance microscope for determining Goossens, R. F. 98, 108 Coal coal rank 31 Griffiths, John 116 anthracite 32, 129 solvent extraction of coal137 bituminous 32 supercritical extraction of coal 136, 136 Handcutting of coal 41 Bronze Age use of 29 Cochrane and Sons 120 Heatshrink 129 Carboniferous 29 Cogas Development Corporation 134 Hemingbrough borehole 98 chemical feedstock 129, 137, 141 Coke pushing 130 Henry VIII 97 Coalplex 7, 138, 139 Compressed air transport 44 History of mining see Ancient mining and convertors 138 Computer Power Ltd 4 Early mechanisation underground direct hydrogenation 136 Crosland, Anthony 128 electricity generation 138-140 Cublington 101 In-seam miner 63, 69 face see Coalface Cutter-loaders 52, 59 Inswork Point Power Station 125 fossil plant remains 29 Anderton shearer 48, 81, 49, 60 International Energy Agency 7, 9, 28 gasification 132, 136 bi-directional 83 Intrinsic safety 87, 88 hydrogenation 129, 136, 140 double-jib 49 inland consumption 24, 26 ranging-drum 83 J evons, Stanley I 0 Lurgi process for gasifying 132 plough 81 John E. Sturge Ltd 120 methanol 134 trepanner 48, 81, 83, 83 John Rostron and Sons Ltd 120 organic chemicals 137 see also Early mechanisation underground plastics 136 and Mechanisation Kelfield Ridge borehole 98 pulverised fuel boilers 140 Kellingley Colliery 100, 104, 113, 100 pyrolysis 134, 135 Danish Bacon Co. Ltd 119 Kellington borehole 98 raw material, not only a fuel 136 Dawdon Colliery 69 Kent, Reverend J. A. P. Ill, 118 resources 12, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 138 Derwent, River I 04 Kenyon, R. Cooper 120 semi-bituminous 32 Dickie, Alan 121, 122 Knottingley 126 142 Leatherhead 134 Vorsyl separator 96 drifts at Gascoigne Wood 101, 104, 107, Leeds 97 Modem colliery 53 114, 122, 66, 103, 106 Leland, John 97 Monitoring the underground environment 94 Environmental Consultative and Liaison Londesborough, Earl of 98 Committee 124 Longannet Mine 113,22, 90 Nahum borehole 104 Escrick 123 Long Lane, Wistow 124 National Coal Board 6, 7, 20, 21, 52, 87, 112, shafts 124 113, 124 and passim Gascoigne Wood see above drifts at Malthusians II drilling for coal 22, 50 Gascoigne Wood Manless mining 93 geophysical (seismic reflection) surveying heading machines 105 Maplin Sands 101 50 high technology mining 105 Marco Polo 29 see also Coal mining; Coal Research locomotives 105 Marsh, Gentian 122 Establishment; Mechanisation; Mining inclined shafts see above drifts at Mechanisation Research and Development Gascoigne Wood accidents 50 Establishment; Selby Newsletter 112, 113 armoured face (or flexible) conveyor National Farmer's Union 116, 121, 124 North Duffield shafts 124 (A.F.C.) 48, 52, 55, 55 Nature Conservancy 116, 124 Ouse, River 100, 108, 110, 121, 109 caving 48, 54 N.C.B. see National Coal Board planning application 112 chainless haulage 59 N.C.B. - Thyssen tunneller see Protection Club 114 continuous mining 54 Mechanisation, full-face tunnelling retreat mining 106 cutter-loaders 52, 59 machines Riccalll22 see also Early mechanisation underground North Sea gas 134 shafts 124 dinting 64, 84, 86 North Sea oil Ill Skipworth Common 122 Dosco dint-header 86 North Yorkshire coalfield 97 South Milford 127 Dosco roadheader 84, 85 North Yorkshire County Councilll6, 120 Stillingfleet shafts 124 face room 54 Nuclear Energy Agency of OECD 27 vertical shafts I 04 full-face tunnelling machines 84, 86, 87, Nuclear power 17, 141 winding tower heights 123 95, 73 fast breeder reactor 27 Wistow 125 gate-end box 61 National Nuclear Corporation 27 shafts 122, 124, 104 hydraulic props 50, 55, 59 steam-generating heavy water reactor 27 see also Subsidence impact ripper 84, 85 Nucleonic shearer 93 Shotfiring 38 longwall face 47 Skipworth Common 122 maingate 61 Orchard, Eric 116 Smith, Roy 126 packing 63, 64, 81, 84, 86 Osgodby 127 Snaking conveyor see Armoured face powered supports see self-advancing props Outhwaite, Francis and John 121 conveyor productivity 52, 61 S.N.G. see Substitute natural gas prop-free-front face 48, 52, 54 Parkgate seam 70 Snowdonia National Park Ill retreat mining 63, 84 Parkside Colliery 53 South Milford 127 ripping 63, 64, 84 Permian limestone 98 Staffordshire Thick Coal 29 ROLF 50 Petrochemicals 13 7 Stansted 101 roof control 48, 50, 54 Picking belt 46 Steam engine for mining 35, 37 rotating-head ripping machine see above Planning Act, 1968 114 Subsidence 100, 106, 116, 117, 115 Dosco roadheader Planning Inquiry Commission 114 and water table at Selby 117, 121, 122 self-advancing props (powered supports) Pneumatic transport 44 Substitute natural gas (S.N.G.) 134, 138 48, 52, 55, 54, 58 Pontefract 97, 126 stables and stable elimination 59 Potts, Professor E. L. J. 116 Tadcaster 127 stage loader 61, 84 Powered supports 48, 52, 55, 54, 58 Thorganby 109 tunnel drivages 63, see also above ripping see also Mechanisation Treadmill34 and full-face tunnelling machines Power shovel 86 83, Methane see Gas Prince of Wales colliery 97, 66 Trepanner 48, 81, 83 Methane drainage 87, 90 Pulverised fuel burner 131 Tube bundles 94, 94 Barlby 121 Mine rescue 69 Turnhead Farm, Mini-computer on mine surface 64 Rank Hovis McDougall flour mills 108, 119 Mining Research and Development Rank of coal 30, 31 Underground transport 90 Establishment Reflectance microscope 31 belt conveyors 90, 92, 91 and Associated Portland Cement Renton, Peter 119 cable-belt conveyor 92 Manufacturers 96 Retreat mining 63 hydraulic transport 92 automatic firedamp detector 96, 96 Rio Tinto Zinc Ill, 112 locomotives 45, 92 automation 93 Ripping lip 64, 81, 84 manriding 44, 92 Campacker 86 Rolf, Peter 114 mine cars 44 and Central Electricity Generating Board Rope haulage 91 see also Underground pneumatic transport 92 96 transport rope haulage 92 chainless haulage 60 skilifts 46 coalface investigations 96 Sanderson, Fred 112, 113 United Kingdom fuel consumption 22, 27 coal preparation investigations 96 Saudi Arabia 10 comprehensive monitoring investigations Selby 22, 97-127, 75, 80, 103, 109 96 Abbey 100, 106, 108, 117, 118, 109 Vassie, Maurice 123, 124 dust reduction 90 Barnsley Seam 97, 98, 98 Ventilating air 87-9 in-seam miner 63, 69 Cawood/20 Vorsyl separator 96, 96 integrated circuits, use of 93 Chamber of Trade 114 irrigated dust filter 89 coal faces I 05 Wakefield 97 nucleonic shearer 93, 94 commuter-miners 126 Walker, Peter 112 underground environment investigations