Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta AnnexAnnex Ia:Ia: KoloKolo CreekCreek BiophysicalBiophysical ReportReport A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd of Nigeria (SPDC) 1 About IUCN IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN’s work focuses on valuing and conserving nature, ensuring effective and equitable governance of its use, and deploying nature-based solutions to global challenges in climate, food and development. IUCN supports scientific research, manages field projects all over the world, and brings governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. 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Para su labor, la UICN cuenta con el apoyo de un personal compuesto por más de 1000 empleados, repartidos en 45 oficinas, y cientos de asociados de los sectores público, no gubernamental y privado de todo el mundo. www.uicn.org 2 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland Copyright: © 2013 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: IUCN Niger – Delta Panel, 2013. Sustainable Remediation and Rehabilitation of Biodiversity and Habitats of Oil Spill Sites in the Niger Delta. Main Report including recommendations for the future. A report by the independent IUCN - Niger Delta Panel (IUCN-NDP) to the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC). January 2013. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1617-6 Cover photos: Image of the Niger Delta from space (courtesy of NASA), with community (first line (all by Alex Chindah) and main habitats overlain (second line from top left to right: lowland forest (Alex Chindah); freshwater (Alex Chindah); barrier islands (Friday Idogiye Amain); and mangroves (nigerdeltarising.org). Layout by: Nigerian Environmental Study/Action Team Produced by: IUCN–Niger Delta Panel 3 Printed by: IUCN Available from: IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Business and Biodiversity Programme (BBP) Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel +41 22 999 0000 Fax +41 22 999 0002 [email of appropriate programme/person] www.iucn.org/publications 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables .....................................................................................................................................................7 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................... 8 List of Plates ..................................................................................................................................................... 8 List of abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................................................. 9 Preface………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 13 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Background information .................................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Post impact assessment .................................................................................................................... 19 1.3 Study objectives and work scope ..................................................................................................... 19 1.4 Choice of Kolo Creek for impact assessment study ................................................................... 20 1.5 Legal and administrative framework ................................................................................................ 21 1.5.1 National environmental policy ............................................................................................. 22 1.5.2 Pollution abatement regulation…............................................................................ 22 1.5.3 Management of hazardous and solid waste regulation................................................ 22 1.5.4 Land Use Act ........................................................................................................................ 22 1.5.5 Forestry Act .............................................................. 22 1.5.6 Criminal Code ....................................................................................................................... 22 1.5.7 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria .................................................................. 22 1.5.8 Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act ....................................................................... 23 1.5.9 International conventions and guidelines .......................................................................... 23 1.5.10 National regulatory bodies ................................................................................................. 24 2. Spill records around Kolo ................................................................................................................... 26 3. Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Sampling strategy …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 27 3.1.1 Sampling design……………….…………………………………………………………………………………. 29 3.1.2 Positioning………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 3.2 Water quality ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29 3.2.1 Field methodology………………..……………………………………………………………………………. 29 3.2.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control …………………………………………………………………………………. 31 3.2.3 Laboratory analysis………….…………………………………………………………………………………. 32 3.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control …………………………………………………………………………………. 34 3.3 Soil quality …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 3.3.1 Field methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 34 3.3.2 Quality Assurance/Quality Control …………………………………………………………………………………. 35 3.3.3 Laboratory analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………………