Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.19, n.1, p.32-46 jan./mar., 2018 ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100004 Strategies to include sweet potato meal associated with the use of exogenous enzymes, in broiler chicken feed Estratégias de inclusão da farinha de batata doce associada ao uso de enzimas exógenas em rações de frangos de corte BAHULE, Celina Eugenio 1*; BRITO, Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de 1; BALBINO, Eric Marcio 2; MACHADO, Adriana Conceição 3; BATISTA, Saulo Silva 3; OLIVEIRA, Lennon Santos 1; SILVA, Tamiris Natalice Santos 3; PEREIRA, Jamile 3 1Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil. 2Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil. Bolsista PNPD-CAPES. 3Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brasil. *Endereço para correspondência: [email protected] SUMMARY and enzyme supplementation, could partially substitute corn in broiler chicken feed, guaranteeing good performance, carcass yield and meat quality. This work evaluated the effect of including sweet potato meal (SPM), as an alternative to corn in Keywords : alternative feed, meat quality, broiler chicken diets, on performance, carcass performance yield, intestinal morphometry, organ biometry, meat quality and drumstick pigmentation. The study used 936 male Cobb-500 chicks. The experiment had a completely randomized, 3x2 RESUMO factorial design, with three diet types. These included corn as the energetic ingredient in the standard diet (corn-soybean meal, CSM), and an Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de farinha de increasing (ISP) and decreasing (DSP) inclusion of batata doce (FBD), como alternativa ao milho em sweet potato meal as a corn substitute, in dietas de frangos de corte sobre o desempenho, association with exogenous enzymes, for a total of rendimento da carcaça, morfometria intestinal, six treatments with six repetitions and 26 birds per biometria de órgãos, qualidade de carne e plot. During the period of 1 to 21 days, there was pigmentação de canela. Foram utilizados 936 an interaction (P<0.05) for the weight gain (WG) pintos de um dia, machos, da linhagem Cobb-500. variable; the CSM diets promoted greater WG in Adotou-se um DIC em esquema fatorial 3x2, relation to the ISP and DSP groups, when sendo três tipos de dietas, sendo o milho o supplemented with exogenous enzymes. There ingrediente energético na dieta padrão (MFS), was an increase (P<0.05) in surface absorption of inclusão crescente (BDC) e decrescente (BDD) de the jejunum villi and relative weight of the farinha de batata doce como substituto parcial ao pancreas, and worse feed conversion (FC), for the milho, associadas ou não ao uso de enzimas ISP and DSP diets. With exception of the exógenas, totalizando seis tratamentos com seis pancreas, for the entire period of 1 to 39 days the repetições e 26 aves por parcela. No período de 1 a performance, yield of the carcass and cuts, meat 21 dias, houve interação (P<0,05) para as variáveis quality, relative weight of the liver, and feet de ganho de peso (GP) onde as dietas de MFS pigmentation variables were not affected (P>0.05) promoveram maior GP em relação aos grupos by the factors evaluated. Sweet potato meal, BDC e BDD quando suplementado com enzimas independent of the inclusion program (ISP/DSP) exógenas. Houve aumento (P<0,05) da superfície 32 Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.19, n.1, p.32-46 jan./mar., 2018 ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100004 de absorção das vilosidades do jejuno, do peso Sweet potato meal (SPM) contains the relativo do pâncreas e piora na conversão same amount or more starch than corn alimentar (CA) promovido pelas dietas com BDC e BDD. No período integral de 1 a 39 dias (com (ROSTAGNO et al., 2011; LAURIE et exceção para o pâncreas) as variáveis desempenho, al., 2015). Starch with more amylopectin rendimento da carcaça e dos cortes, qualidade de than amylose (WARAMBOI et al., 2011; carne, peso relativo do fígado e pigmentação das WALUYO et al., 2015) can be associated canelas não foram afetados (P>0,05) pelos fatores with nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs), avaliados. A farinha de batata doce independente do programa de inclusão (BDC/BDD) e da which can have an antinutritional effect. suplementação de enzimas pode ser usada em Thus, adding exogenous enzymes to rações de frangos de corte, garantindo bom chicken diets it commonly practiced desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e qualidade because it can minimize problems de carne. (HORVATOVIC et al., 2015). Palavras-chave : alimento alternativo, qualidade Exogenous enzymes enhance nutrient de carne, desempenho utilization and, thus, optimize the use of metabolizable energy in diets (RAVINDRAN, 2013). Tests made with INTRODUCTION SPM have reported controversial results, some negative (SET’LE et al. 2012; PARENTE et al. 2014) and some The Brazilian aviculture industry has a positive, in relation to unchanged robust raw materials market for feed, performance, carcass yield and meat which gives the country a competitive quality attributes (BECKFORD & advantage. Corn, the main ingredient in BARTLETT, 2015). feed, is produced on a massive scale and The objective of this work was to exported. However, not all regions of evaluate the effect of using SPM as an the world, as well as Brazilian states, alternative to corn in broiler chicken can do this due to unfavorable climatic feed. The study used different inclusion and soil conditions, use of corn for programs (increasing and decreasing human consumption, and the financing amounts) according to the stages of the needed to produce and/or import this feeding program for broiler chickens, in resource (OLIVEIRA et al., 2014; association with an exogenous enzyme PANDI et al., 2016). supplement, to assess performance, There are alternative ingredients for carcass yield, meat quality, internal broiler chicken feed that have the same organ biometry and morphometry of the potential and are inexpensive and easy intestinal segments. to acquire, such as sweet potato. Sweet potato is a rustic plant that can be cultivated in poor and disturbed soils in MATERIAL AND METHODS various climates and has a high yield per hectare in some states, making it a good alternative to corn (OLIVEIRA et All the procedures performed in this study al., 2015; LAURIE et al., 2015). followed the standards and norms of the For small poultry producers, sweet resolutions of the National Council of potato is a good alternative to reduce Control of Animal Experimentation production costs of broiler chickens (Conselho Nacional de Controle de (conventional or free-range), and Experimentação Animal – CONCEA). breeders can also locally cultivate this The experiment was conducted in the tuberous root. Aviculture Sector of the Center for 33 Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., Salvador, v.19, n.1, p.32-46 jan./mar., 2018 ISSN 1519 9940 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402018000100004 Agrarian, Environmental and Biological The SPM was obtained by crushing Sciences at the Federal University of roots and then drying the material in the Recôncavo da Bahia ( Setor de Avicultura sun. Two sweet potato varieties (cream do Centro, Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais and red skin, both with white pulp) were e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do used, which were obtained in a local Recôncavo da Bahia - CCAAB/UFRB) in market and mixed in equal proportions. the municipality of Cruz das Almas. The material was ground with a knife The study used 936 male Cobb-500 mill and dried in the sun on nylon tarps chicks from a hatchery registered in for three days. When dry, the material MAPA, which were housed in an was stored in nylon bags until just experimental barn in 36 boxes (1.72 × before incorporating it into the diets, 1.82 m) with a floor covered in 10 cm when it was milled again with a 5 mm of shavings (reused), a tubular feeder, mesh sieve to obtain the sweet potato and a bell drinker. The boxes were meal (SPM). heated with bell-shaped lamps with One sample of SPM was analyzed 150-watt infrared bulbs. to determine its bromatological The light program adopted was 23L:1D, composition, according to the 14L:10D, 16L:8D in the first, second methodology proposed by Detman and third week, respectively, and (2012), and a sample was sent to the 18L:6D was used from the beginning of ADISSEO laboratory (CEAN, Santa the fourth week to end of the Maria/RS/Brazil) to determine the amino experiment. acid profile. The following values were The experiment had a completely found, which were considered in the randomized, 3x2 factorial design, with formulation: crude matter (CM) – 95%; three diet types: 1- corn as the energetic mineral matter (MM) – 3.5%; ethereal ingredient (corn-soybean meal, CSM); extract (EE) – 0.86%; neutral detergent 2- increasing inclusion of sweet potato fiber (NDF) – 13.5%; tyrosine – 0.07%; meal (ISP) as a partial corn substitute; valine – 0.15%; methionine – 0.04%; and 3- decreasing inclusion of sweet cystine – <0.03%; isoleucine – 0.11%; potato meal (DSP) as a partial corn aspartate – 0.29%; glutamate – 0.31%; substitute. The diets were supplemented serine – 0.13%; glycine – 0.11%; and (WE) or not supplemented (NE) with histidine – 0.04%. exogenous enzymes, totaling six The use of exogenous enzymes in the treatments (1-CSM-NE; 2- CSM-WE; feed was implemented based on the 3- ISP-NE; 4- ISP-WE; 5- DSP-NE and concept of “on top of formulation” (that 6- DSP-WE) with six (6) repetitions and is, maintaining nutritional levels), with 26 birds per experimental plot. exception of phytase that had reduced The SPM was included according to the levels of calcium (0.13 percentage growth phases established for the points) and available phosphorous (0.11 feeding program.