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Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY OF KOREAN PROSODY DISSERTATION Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University by Sun-Ah Jun, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Mcuy E. Beckman (Chair) Elizabeth V. Hume Advisor Michel T.T. Jackson Department of Linguistics Copyright by Sun-Ah Jun 1993 To my parents and my husband ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the course of my graduate studies here and in Korea, I received intellectual, emotional, and financial support from many sources, all of whom I would like to thank. First of all, I thank my advisor Mary Beckman for so many things: for her encouragement and good advice concerning both my studies and my future career; for helping me to develop and sharpen my world-view of phonetics; and for giving me such detailed comments on many rough drafts. I also like to thank my other committee members for this thesis or other requirements, Beth Hume, Michel Jackson and Rob Fox, for their valuable comments and interests in my paper. I owe thanks to several people for their guidance of my studies from the beginning: to Professor Hwan-Mook Lee, who first introduced me to linguistics and made me major in it; to Professor Young-Nam Pae who shared the ideas of GB syntax with me and encouraged me to study in the United States; and to David Odden, who first introduced me to the world of Phonology and made me realize that my own dialect has tonal properties. I would also like to thank Bruce Hayes, Julia Hirshberg, Pat Keating, Janet Pierrehumbert, and Donca Steriade, who broaden my knowledge of Phonetics, Phonology, and Pragmatics, and their interfaces. I also want to acknowledge those who motivated me to pursue my interest in Prosodic Phonology of Korean: Young-mee Yu Cho, Ongmi Kang, and David James Silva. Ill I would also like to take this chance to thank my wonderful friends in our Phonetics Lab, the Labbies or Lab Rats — always near me but rarely acknowledged — Gayle Ayers, Keven Cohen, Stefanie Jannedy, Sook-hyang Lee, Shu-hui Peng, and Jennifer Venditti. Stefanie Jannedy deserves special thanks for her company through many sleepless nights in the lab and for her help in putting my figures in the right places. Other members of my department also made my stay at OSU a happy and enjoyable one for this; I thank Benjamin Ao, Hee-Rahlc Chae, Young-Hee Chung, Islay Cowie, John Dai, Eliza Segura-Holland, Hyeree Kim, No-Ju Kim, Gina Lee, Betina Migge, Mutonyi Nasiombe, Yongkyun No, Mira Oh, Frederick Parkinson, Marlene Payha, Robert Poletto, A. Hoobie Schott, and Jae-Hak Yoon. I especially thank Chan Chung, Heonseok Kang, Ki-Suk Lee, and Eun Jung Yoo, for spending hours in the sound booth for me as subjects of my experiments, as well as for their friendship during my time at OSU. Also, I would like to thank my other consultants - Guedae Cho, Yoon-Suk Chung, Chung-Hwa Kim, Jin-Sook Kim, Hyo-Seung Lee, Kyunghi Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee, Deok-Ryong Park, In-Woo Park, Ji-Young Seo, and Jean Suh. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family in Korea. — my mother and father, my sister and brothers, and my in-laws for their support and encouragement for all these years. I especially feel so grateful for-having my husband, Illam, for his endless support, care, and encouragement. Without his help, I would never have made it this far. Finally, to my daughter, Yujin, my apologies for being away from you for so many nights. Thank you for bringing me such a joy in my life. I would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the OSU Linguistics department, the College of Humanities, and the Graduate School. The work reported in this dissertation was also supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number IRÎ-8858109 to Mary E. Beckman. IV VITA November 6,1959 Born - Yeosoo, Chonnam Republic of Korea (ROK) 1982 B.A., English Education Chonnam National University, Kwangju, ROK 1984 M.A., English Language and Literature Chonnam National University, Kwangju, ROK 1984 - 1986 Research Associate, Language Research Center Chonnam National University, Kwangju, ROK 1987 - 1993 Graduate Assistant, Department of Linguistics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1988 M.A., Linguistics the Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, Ohio July 1, 1993 - Assistant Professor Dept, of Linguistics, University of California - Los Angeles Los Angeles, California PUBLICATIONS Sun-Ah Jun (1992) “The Domain of Nasalization and the Prosodic Str ucture in Korean” in Ho-Min Sohn (ed.) Korean Linguistics 7. pp 11-29. Han shin Publishing Co., Seoul, Korea. M. Beckman, K. De Jong, Sun-Ah Jun and S. Lee (1992) “The Interaction of Coarticulation and Prosody in Sound Change,” in Language and Speech 35(l,2).pp 45-58. Sun-Ah Jun and Mira Oh (1992) “The Domain of Spirantization and /sApalatalizarion,” in Proceedings of the third Seoul International Conference on V Linguistics, Seoul, Korea. Also selected to appear in Il-hwan Lee et al. (eds.) Linguistics in the Morning Calm 3, Seoul, Korea. Sun-Ah Jun (1990) “The Prosodic Structure of Korean - in terms of voicing,” in E-J. Baek (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Korean Linguistics . Vol. 7, Univ. of Toronto Press. Sun-Ah Jun (1989) “The Accentual Pattern and Prosody of Chonnam Dialect of Korean,” in S. Kuno et al. (eds.) Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics III. Harvard Univ. Cambridge, Mass. (An earlier version is 'mWorking Papers in Linguistics 38, Dept, of Ling. The Ohio State Univ.) Sun-Ah Jun (1986) “Syntactic Analysis of easy-to construction”, Ohak Kyoyuk (Language Teaching and Learning). Vol. 16, pp. 113-132, Language Research Center, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea. Sun-Ah Jun (1984) A Study on easy-to Construction, M.A. thesis, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Linguistics Studies in Phonetics and Phonology VI TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... ü ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................... üi VITA..............................................................................................................................................V LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................xii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................xvi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Prosodic Phonology and Korean .......................................................................... 4 1.1.1 The End-based theory and Korean prosody .......................................9 1.1.2 The Relation-based theory and Korean prosody ................................13 1.1.3 Patterns of phrasing in Korean accounted for by both th e o rie s ...................................................................................................18 1.2 Problems with the syntax based phrasing accounts ..................................21 1.3 Theoretical framework of Intonation ...................................................................32 1.3.1 The Accentual Phrase............................................................................. 34 1.3.2 Tone underspecification and interpolation .....................................36 CHAPTER II : THE INTONATION AND PROSODIC STRUCTURE OF KOREAN...........................................................................................................37