New stratigraphie and palaeogeographic data on Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits from the eastern periphery of the Russian Platform (Russia) Valentina S. VISHNEVSKAYA Institute of the Lithosphère, Russian Academy of Science, ILSAN, 22 Staromonetny, Moscow, 109180 (Russia) [email protected] Patrick DE WEVER Laboratoire de Géologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43 rue de Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Evgeniy Yu. BARABOSHKIN Moscow State University, Geological Faculty, Vorobjovy Gory, 119899 Moscow (Russia) [email protected] Nikita A. BOGDANOV Institute of the Lithosphère, Russian Academy of Science, ILSAN, 22 Staromonetny, Moscow, 109180 (Russia) [email protected] Nikita Yu. BRAGIN Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per., 7, Moscow, 109017 (Russia) [email protected] Lubov G. BRAGINA Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per., 7, Moscow, 109017 (Russia) [email protected] Alesia S. KOSTYUCHENKO Technical University, Leningradskoe shosse 112-1-1-211, Moscow, 125445 (Russia) [email protected] Emmanuelle LAMBERT Laboratoire de Géologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 43 rue de Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] • 1999 • 21 (3) 347 Vishnevskaya V. S., De Wever P., Baraboshkin E. Yu. et al. Yuriy M. MALINOVSKY Institute of the Lithosphère, Russian Academy of Science, ILSAN, 22 Staromonetny, Moscow, 109180 (Russia) [email protected] Kulyash M. SEDAEVA Moscow State University, Geological Faculty, Vorobjovy Gory, Moscow, 119899 (Russia) [email protected] Galina A. ZUKOVA Simbirsk Geological Survey, 3a Dovatora, Ulianovsk, 432000 (Russia) Vishnevskaya V. S., De Wever P., Baraboshkin E. Yu. ef a/. 1999. — New stratigraphic and palaeogeographic data on Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous deposits from the eastern peri­ phery of the Russian Platform (Russia), in Crasquin-Soleau S. & De Wever P. (eds), Peri- Tethys: stratigraphic correlations 3, Geodiversitas 21 (3) : 347-363. ABSTRACT The Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous were periods when, after prolonged continental erosion, stable marine sedimentation took effect on the Russian Platform. The sediments which accumulated have diverse lithological com­ positions and a mixture of transient and endemic faunas. Lithological diversi­ ty and a wide variety of facies has led to problems in stratigraphical correlation of Late Mesozoic sequences and discrepancies in palaeogeographi­ cal reconstructions. Different faunal groups belonging to a wide variety of palaeozoogeographic provinces exist within these deposits. Therefore, we use all available microfossils (radiolarians, foraminiferas, nannoplankton) and KEYWORDS macrofossil groups (ammonites, buchias, inoceramides) in order to establish Jurassic, the synchronicity of anoxic and other events, to propose biostratigraphic Cretaceous, zonations and model the palaeogeography for Late Jurassic: lower stratigraphy, ammonites, Kimmeridgian and middle Volgian as well as Cretaceous time. We suggest radiolarians, that the Peri-Tethys of Eastern Europe is a unique area in which to solve the foraminifera, problem of stratigraphic correlation as it incorporates both Boreal and nannofossils, palaeogeographical map. Transitional to Tethyan palaeoclimatic provinces. RESUME Nouvelles données stratigraphiques et paléogéographiques sur les dépôts juras­ siques et crétacés de l'extrémité orientale de la Plate-forme russe (Russie). Le Jurassique supérieur et le Crétacé forment une période où, après une longue érosion continentale, une sédimentation marine stable s'installe sur la plate-forme russe. Les sédiments accumulés ont des lithologies variées et pré­ sentent un mélange de faunes endémiques ou transitionnelles. La diversité lithologique et la grande variété de faciès ont rendu complexes les corréla­ tions stratigraphiques pour ces séries du Mésozoïque tardif et ont même créé des désaccords dans les reconstitutions paléogéographiques. Différents groupes fauniques, appartenant à une grande variété de provinces paléobio- 348 GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous of eastern Russian Platform géographiques existent dans ces dépôts. De ce fait, nous avons été conduits à utiliser tous les groupes disponibles de microfossiles (radiolaires, foramini­ fères, nannoplancton) et de macrofossiles (ammonites, buchias, inocéra- mides) afin d'établir le synchronisme des événements, anoxiques ou autres, MOTS CLÉS pour proposer des zonations biostratigraphiques et des modèles paléogéogra­ Jurassique, phiques pour le Jurassique supérieur : Kimméridgien inférieur et Volgien Crétacé, moyen ainsi que pour le Crétacé. Nous pensons que la partie péri-téthy- stratigraphie, ammonites, sienne de l'Europe orientale est un endroit unique pour résoudre les pro­ radiolaires, blèmes de corrélation stratigraphique puisqu'il incorpore des éléments fau- foraminifères, niques de provinces boréales et de la transition vers les provinces nannofossiles, carte paléogéographique. paléoclimatiques téthysiennes. INTRODUCTION MAIN LITHOFACIES AND STRATIGRA­ PHY OF THE KIMMERIDGIAN Our research team has undertaken field work in Volga River Basin (August 1995, members of The lower Kimmeridgian is represented by orga­ field work team were as follow: E. Baraboshkin, nic shale (Fig. 5, borehole 18) with clay (Fig. 5, N. Bragin, E. Lambert, V. Vishnevskaya, boreholes 15-17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25-27), glauco- G. Zukova; August 1997, V. Vishnevskaya, nitic sandstone, aleurolite (almost equivalent to G. Zukova) and in the Timan-Pechora Basin silt-stone in Russian literature) and clay (Fig. 5, (September 1995, A. Kostyuchenko, G. Sedaeva, boreholes 24, 28), and micrite in the outcrops of V. Vishnevskaya). All previously published and the Ukhta section. Rare phosphatic pebbles and unpublished data concerning of these regions pyritic concretions were also found. were revised and taken into account. The time interval investigated corresponds to the The aim of our field trips was to collect precise early Kimmeridgian in terms of standard ammo­ and well-located samples with fossil material in nite zonation for the Boreal Realm of the order to establish accurate biostratigraphical cor­ Russian Plate. Within the Barents-Pechora area, relations and to propose palaeogeographic the Amoeboceras ravni zone and in the Volga- reconstructions which could provide a basis for Kama-Oka Basin, the A, kitcbini zone are pre­ modelling of palaeogeographic maps. sent. Other characteristic ammonites are Rasenia During the field work, we investigated and sam­ trimera Oppel and R. stephanoides Oppel. pled the following areas in detail: (1) Kim- Kimmeridgian strata, which yielded radiolarians meridgian-Volgian portion of the standard (Kozlova 1994; Vishnevskaya 1997), are well Gorodische Section of Volga River Basin and represented in the Timan-Pechora Basin. The Ukhta outcrop as well as 21 outcrops and Pechora-Volga sedimentary basin was probably 52 boreholes of the Volga-Kama and Timan- produced by a Late Jurassic phase of rifting Pechora Basin (Figs 1-5); (2) middle Volgian- (Kostiuchenko 1993), and was filled with radio- Hauterivian sections near Gorodische and New larian-bearing clay and shale deposits in a sub- Berdianka villages (Figs 2, 3); (3) Aptian-Albian platform environment. sections from boreholes of the Penza region The Kimmeridgian clay of Pechora and Ukhta (10 km of Penza town, west of Volga River); regions is also rich in glauconite and montmo- (4) Barremian-Turonian section to the north of rillonite. Glauconite (15-30%), montmorillonite Ulianovsk city; (5) Cenomanian-Maastrichtian (10-30%), hydromica (10-30%) and chlorite (5- sections near Shilovka settlement (50 km south 10%) are the dominant components in of Uljanovsk city). Kimmeridgian bituminous clay whereas glauco- GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) 349 Vishnevskaya V. S., De Wever P., Baraboshkin E. Yu. et al. FIG. 1. — The location of investigated boreholes and outcrops of Timan-Pechora Basin (the numbers correspond to their official record). nite (30-40%), kaolinite (25-30%), and mont- the total fauna. Practically all taxa present are morillonite (20-30%) predominate in the known in the Boreal province of the Russian organic-rich Volgian shale. Platform and Circum-Pacific Rim. The lower The Kimmeridgian clay (5-45 m) from the Kimmeridgian radiolarian assemblage of the Pechora and Ukhta regions has a conformable Parvicingula vera zone of the Barents-Pechora- stratigraphic contact with the underlying strata Ukhta region includes: Archaeocenosphaera (Fig. 5) and demonstrates a succession of trans- inequalis (Rust), Praeconocaryomma ex gr. sphae- gressive and regressive characters up to Volgian roconus (Rust), Pseudocrucella aff. prava Blome, strata. Crucella crassa (Kozlova), C. squama (Kozlova), Radiolarian taxa make up only a minor part of C. aff. mexicana Yang, Orbiculiforma cf. iniqua 350 GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21 (3) Upper Jurassic-Cretaceous of eastern Russian Platform UPPER ) /""fti 0 km 30 ,—-XDubki / J~\ ' ' HAUTERIVIAN Undory^——J Gorodisçhef J Craspedites Novaya I I nodiger B^dengayruLIANOVSK y Craspedites subditus [. t:: LEGEND Breccia I I Sands Sandstones Siltstones Clays Oil shales Argillites Marls, clayei marls Limestones Carbonate clays | . | Phosphorites $ $ I Bioturbation 5 S I Shell detrite 33371 Erosional surfaces 10 cm /Wy Softgrounds FIG. 2. — The location of investigated sections of Volga Basin and stratigraphie column of the Volgian stage of the Gorodische Section. GEODIVERSITAS • 1999 • 21