Public Disclosure Authorized Government of Swaziland Ministry of Economic Planning and Development Swaziland Private Sector Competitiveness Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Management Framework October 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Rod de Vletter, Environment, Tourism and Natural Resource Management Consulting 1 Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. 5 KEY DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................10 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................15 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................17 Project Development Objectives and Expected Results .................................................................... 17 Project Components .......................................................................................................................................... 17 1 Improving the business environment (US$ 10.1 million) ............................................... 17 2 Job creation in Agribusiness and Tourism (US$ 12.4 million) ..................................... 18 3 Project Implementation (US$ 2.5 million) ............................................................................. 19 Project coordination and implementation ................................................................................ 19 3 ESMF OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................20 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT ..........................................................................22 Biophysical Context .......................................................................................................................22 Land Use ................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Climate and Water ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Biodiversity............................................................................................................................................................ 23 Vegetation Types ................................................................................................................................................ 24 National Protected Areas ............................................................................................................................... 24 Community Eco Tourism Areas .................................................................................................................... 25 Trans-Frontier Conservation Areas ........................................................................................................... 26 Environment Trends ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Water Resources, Water Use and Wastewater ..................................................................................... 27 Social Context ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 5 POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................30 International Treaties and Agreements .................................................................................................. 30 National Policies and Plans ........................................................................................................................... 31 National .................................................................................................................................................... 31 Agriculture .............................................................................................................................................. 32 Natural Resources ................................................................................................................................ 33 Tourism .................................................................................................................................................... 33 Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 34 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................ 35 Local Government ................................................................................................................................ 35 Commerce, Industry and Trade ..................................................................................................... 36 Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................................... 36 Institutional Framework ................................................................................................................................ 38 Ministry of Economic Planning and Development (MEPD)................................................ 38 Aids Coordination and Management Services (ACMS) ...................................................................... 38 MicroProjects Co-ordination Office ............................................................................................................ 38 Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs (MTEA).................................................... 38 The Forestry Department ............................................................................................................................... 39 Swaziland Environment Authority (SEA) ................................................................................................ 39 Swaziland National Trust Commission (SNTC) .................................................................................... 39 Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) ........................................................................................................ 39 2 The Land Use Planning and Development Department .................................................................... 40 The Swaziland Water and Agricultural Development Enterprise (SWADE) ........................... 40 National Agricultural Marketing Board (NAMBOARD) ..................................................................... 40 Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Trade (MCIT) .............................................................. 40 Small Micro Medium Enterprises (SMME) Unit .................................................................................... 40 Handicraft Promotion Section ...................................................................................................................... 40 Swaziland Invest Promotion Authority (SIPA) ..................................................................................... 41 Investor Road Map Unit ................................................................................................................................... 41 Swaziland Industrial Development Company (SIDC) ........................................................................ 41 Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (MNRE) .............................................................. 41 National Water Authority (NWA) ............................................................................................................... 41 Department of Water Affairs ......................................................................................................................... 41 River Basin Management Authorities and Irrigation Districts ...................................................... 42 Ministry of Tinkhundla Administration and Development (MTAD) .............................. 42 Non Government Organizations .................................................................................................... 42 The Hospitality and Tourism Association of Swaziland (HOTAS) ................................................ 42 Big Game Parks.................................................................................................................................................... 42 The Lubombo Conservancy ........................................................................................................................... 42 The Shewula Trust ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 43