Improving Resilience to Natural Disasters West Coast Lifelines Vulnerability and Interdependency Assessment: Main Report West Coast Civil Defence Emergency Management Group August 2017 IMPORTANT NOTES Disclaimer The information collected and presented in this report and accompanying documents by the Consultants and supplied to West Coast Civil Defence Emergency Management Group is accurate to the best of the knowledge and belief of the Consultants acting on behalf of West Coast Civil Defence Emergency Management Group. While the Consultants have exercised all reasonable skill and care in the preparation of information in this report, neither the Consultants nor West Coast Civil Defence Emergency Management Group accept any liability in contract, tort or otherwise for any loss, damage, injury or expense, whether direct, indirect or consequential, arising out of the provision of information in this report. This report has been prepared on behalf of West Coast Civil Defence Emergency Management Group by: Ian McCahon BE (Civil), David Elms BA, MSE, PhD Rob Dewhirst BE, ME (Civil) Geotech Consulting Ltd 21 Victoria Park Road Rob Dewhirst Consulting Ltd 29 Norwood Street Christchurch 38A Penruddock Rise Christchurch Westmorland Christchurch Hazard Maps The hazard maps contained in this report are regional in scope and detail, and should not be considered as a substitute for site-specific investigations and/or geotechnical engineering assessments for any project. Qualified and experienced practitioners should assess the site-specific hazard potential, including the potential for damage, at a more detailed scale. Cover Photo: South Westland, New Zealand (Photo by David Elms) Acknowledgements The authors thank the following people for their time and input to this report (listed alphabetically): Scott Allison - Transport Manager Westland Milk Simon Bastion – General Manager Westland Milk Products Products Gary Beaumont - Delivery Specialist Chorus Stefan Beaumont - Hydrology Team Leader WCRC Paul Berry – West Coast Dairy Farmer Patrick Boot – Engineering Assistant past GDC Victoria Boyes – New World Greymouth Craig Binney – Manager Scenic Hotel Group Evan Birchfield - Birchfields Ross Mining Ltd Claire Brown - Emergency Management Officer WDC John Brown – Manager Westfleet Greymouth Chris & Jan Coll – Community members - Westport Nichola Costley - Manager Strategy and Rob Daniel – Project Representative for West Coast Communications WCRC Civil Defence Emergency Management Group Alistair Davies – PhD Student Uni. of Canterbury Tim Davies – Senior lecturer University of Canterbury Paul Deavoll, Head of South Island, Spark Jordan Dennis – Delivery Specialist Chorus John Van Dissel – Communications specialist, Marty Dobson - Asset Engineer BDC Hokitika Michelle Gillman - H&S Manager Westland Milk Eamon Ginley. CEO Buller Electricity Products Margarita Gonzalez-Borrero - Highways Network Andy Gowland-Douglas – CEO BDC Operations NZTA Rodger Griffiths - General Manager Westpower Lani Hagaman – CEO Scenic Hotel Group Colin Hay - Senior Network Manager NZTA Amelia Haskell – DWA C&PH Greymouth Adam Henderson - Regional Services Manager Garry Howard – Mayor BDC Transpower Quecha Horning - Manager Corporate Planning & Matthew Hughes – Senior lecturer University of Community GDC Canterbury Karl Jackson - Transport Engineer GDC Tony Kokshoorn – Mayor GDC Peter Langford – President West Coast Fed. Farmers Anna Liddell - Greymouth Engineering Co. Graham Liddell – Greymouth Engineering Co. Jim Little - Tourism West Coast John Lovell – Senior Advisor MCDEM Stephen Lowe - Contractor Westport Chris McKenzie – Development West Coast Alistair McKerchar – Hydrologist NIWA Michael Meehan – CEO WCRC Jon Mitchell - Programme Manager Project AF8 Graeme Olson – Councillor WDC Kurtis Perrin-Smith – Utilities Engineer GDC Chris Pullen - Environmental Manager Westland Milk Chris Raine – Officer past WCRC Products Clive Reynolds – Senior Manager Kordia Ltd Andrew Robb – Councillor WCRC Rachel Roberts - Hokitika businesswoman Tony Robertson - Works Engineer BDC Dale Ross - Network Manager BEL Rob Ruiter – National Lead for Network Protection Chorus Craig Scanlon – Manager Community & Environment Bruce Smith – Mayor WDC BDC John Stowell – Staff WDC Mel Sutherland - Assets & Engineering Manager GDC Brendan Taylor – Manager Scenic Hotel Group John Walker - Team Leader Vodafone Bruce Watson – Hokitika Businessman Alex Wilkinson – EIG NZTA Thomas Wilson – Senior lecturer Uni. of Canterbury Tanya Winter – WDC past CEO Improving Resilience to Natural Disasters West Coast Lifelines Vulnerability and Interdependency Assessment: Main Report Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 2 THE WEST COAST AS A SYSTEM: INFRASTRUCTURE AND LIFELINES .................. 6 2.1 TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Roads ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 Rail ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Airports ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.4 Ports ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 ENERGY ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Electricity.......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Fuel ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................................................................... 10 2.4 FLOOD CONTROL ................................................................................................................. 10 2.5 WATER SUPPLY .................................................................................................................... 11 2.6 SEWERAGE ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.7 STORMWATER ...................................................................................................................... 11 3 THE WEST COAST AS A SYSTEM: COMMUNITY, ECONOMY, FLOW AND PIPELINES ........................................................................................................................................... 12 4 NATURAL HAZARDS .............................................................................................................. 15 4.1 HAZARD, ENVIRONMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................... 15 4.1.1 Natural Hazard Event ..................................................................................................... 15 4.1.2 The Environment ............................................................................................................. 15 4.1.3 The Infrastructure ........................................................................................................... 16 4.2 CONSEQUENCES ................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 DISASTER SCENARIOS FOR PROBING THE SYSTEM ............................................................... 16 4.4 EARTHQUAKE SCENARIO ...................................................................................................... 17 4.4.1 Earthquake 1: Rupture of the Alpine Fault ..................................................................... 17 4.4.2 Earthquake 2: Inangahua and Buller ............................................................................. 20 4.5 EXTREME STORM ................................................................................................................. 21 4.6 TSUNAMI .............................................................................................................................. 23 5 IMPACT OF PROBING SCENARIOS .................................................................................... 24 5.1 DAIRY INDUSTRY ................................................................................................................. 24 5.1.1 Earthquake Impact on the Dairy Sector ......................................................................... 25 5.1.2 Storm Impact on the Dairy Sector .................................................................................. 26 5.1.3 Tsunami Impact on the Dairy Sector .............................................................................. 26 5.1.4 Summary of Key Infrastructure for the Dairy Industry ................................................... 27 5.2 MINING ................................................................................................................................ 27 5.2.1 Earthquake Impact on Mining ........................................................................................ 28 5.2.2 Storm Impact on Mining ................................................................................................