Acknowledgements CFE-DM wishes to thank T. Zorig of the Foreign Cooperation Division of Mongolia’s National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), and Gabrielle Emery of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) for their support in preparing and reviewing this document. Cover and section photo credits Cover: "Black Mountain" by Michael Eisenriegler 2009. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC by 2.0. https://flic.kr/p/6TkE9L Country Overview Section Photo: “Our most colourful camelier with his horse and one of his camels” by Alan Fieldus is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/arabiannights/15068229136 Disaster Overview Section Photo: "Harhorin" by Thomas Vandenberghe is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-SA 2.0. The photo shows enormous gullies in the ground cause by torrential flash flooding in Harhorin, Mongolia. https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasvdb/2868927832 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management Section Photo: "39369-012: Strengthening Carbon Financing for Regional Grassland Management in Mongolia" by Asian Development Bank is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. The photo is of a herder using animal feed and plants that are resilient to extreme weather and drought. https://www.flickr.com/photos/asiandevelopmentbank/9287613975 Infrastructure Section Photo: "Road to Forever" by The Wandering Angel is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-SA 2.0. https://flic.kr/p/5g6Ne7 Health Section Photo: "Ulaanbaatar Skyline" by didemtali is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY-NC 2.0. The photo is capturing some of the sources of air pollution in Mongolia. https://www.flickr.com/photos/didem_tali/25475392998/in/album-72157688795154792/ Women, Peace, and Security Section Photo: "Dancing Child" by Bernd Thaller Bernd. 2008. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC by 2.0. https://flic.kr/p/C63Y2h Conclusion Section Photo: "Choijin Lama Temple Museum, 1904-1908, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia" by Richard Mortel is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/prof_richard/44490484911/ Appendices Section Photo: " MAF Put on Nadaam Festival for KQ18" by Pfc. Grace Nechanicky, 134th Public Affairs Detachment. June 27, 2018. Photo is of a Mongolian archer during the Nadaam Festival as part of the multinational exercise Khaan Quest 2018. https://www.dvidshub.net/image/4519635/maf-put-nadaam-festival-kq18 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director ...........................................................................................................7 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance ...............8 Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series Overview ......................................................9 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................10 Country Overview ..........................................................................................................12 Culture .......................................................................................................................................................12 Demographics .........................................................................................................................................12 Ethnic Makeup .................................................................................................................................13 Key Population Centers ................................................................................................................13 Language ...........................................................................................................................................13 Religion ..............................................................................................................................................13 Vulnerable Groups .........................................................................................................................13 Economics ................................................................................................................................................14 Government .............................................................................................................................................15 Environment ............................................................................................................................................15 Geography ........................................................................................................................................15 Borders ...............................................................................................................................................16 Climate ...............................................................................................................................................16 Climate Change ...............................................................................................................................16 Disaster Overview .........................................................................................................18 Hazards ......................................................................................................................................................18 Recent History of Natural Disasters .................................................................................................18 Country Risks ...........................................................................................................................................19 Country Risk Profile ........................................................................................................................20 Mongolia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | September 2018 3 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management ..................................................22 Lead Government Agencies in Disaster Response ....................................................................22 Key Disaster Management Partners in Mongolia .......................................................................24 International Organizations Working in Mongolia ....................................................................25 Participation in International Organizations ................................................................................28 U.S. Government Agencies in Mongolia ........................................................................................29 Foreign Disaster Relief and Emergency Response .....................................................................29 Foreign Military Disaster Management Partnerships ...............................................................29 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management ..................................................................30 Legal framework for Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation ..........30 Education and Training ........................................................................................................................31 National Disaster Management Training and Education .................................................31 Community Participatory Disaster Risk Reduction ............................................................32 Disaster Management Communications.......................................................................................32 Early Warning Systems (EWS) .....................................................................................................32 Responsible Agencies for Flood and Storm Warning ........................................................33 Mongolian Armed Forces ....................................................................................................................33 Mongolian Armed Forces Role in Disaster Response ........................................................34 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................36 Airports ......................................................................................................................................................36 Seaports ....................................................................................................................................................38 Land Routes .............................................................................................................................................38 Roads ...................................................................................................................................................38 Railways ..............................................................................................................................................38 Waterways .........................................................................................................................................38 Education Structure in Mongolia .....................................................................................................39 Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector ................................................................40