The Isle of Anglesey Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Appendix 1 Summary of evidence base, legislative and policy context Appendix 1 Summary of evidence base, legislative and policy context Contents 1 AONB Evidence 1.1 Landscape/Seascape . .3 1.2 Geology . .14 1.3 Ecology and Biodiversity . .20 1.4 Historic Environment . .25 1.5 Culture . .38 1.6 Soil . .41 1.7 Air . .44 1.8 Water . .46 1.9 Public Rights of Way and Accessible Land and Water . .49 2 Activities in the AONB 2.1 Land Management . .54 2.2 Nature Conservation . .59 2.3 Economic Activity . .66 2.4 Recreation . .73 2.5 Development . .77 2.6 Transport . .80 3 National and Regional Policy Support 3.1 Designated Landscapes . .83 3.2 AONBs . .84 3.3 Heritage Coasts . .86 3.4 Water Framework Directive . .87 3.5 Marine Plans . .87 3.6 Planning Policy Guidance . .88 All photos: ©Isle of Anglesey County Council and Mel Parry Front Cover: Bwa GwynMenai (©Mel Strait Parry) 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 1 AONB Evidence base 1.1 Landscape/Seascape 1. Visual and Sensory 2. History 1.1.1 The landscape quality of Anglesey and the AONB, as for 3. Landscape habitats the whole of Wales, is assessed using LANDMAP which 4. Culture assesses the diversity of landscapes, identifies and 5. Geology explains their most important characteristics and qualities – whether they are ordinary but locally As stated in the last plan this data is now quality important or nationally recognised landscapes. assured and comparisons can be made between the earliest data and the assured data. The differences were LANDMAP is a computer based landscape resource shown in the previous plan and since then the informa- where landscape characteristics, qualities, and influences tion has been reviewed and comparisons can be made on the landscape are recorded and evaluated into a between the 2009 maps and the maps in this plan. nationally consistent data set. The landscape is broken down into 5 nationally recognised layers which are: Figure 1: Visual and sensory evaluations 2008 Survey Results Outstanding High Moderate Low Porthwen 1 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 Figure 2: Landscape Habitats evaluations 2008 Survey Results Outstanding High Moderate Low Figure 3: Geology evaluations 2008 Survey Results Outstanding High Moderate Low 2 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 Figure 4: Historic evaluations 2008 Survey Results Outstanding High Moderate Low Figure 5: Cultural evaluations 2008 Survey Results Outstanding High Moderate Low 3 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 Figure 6: Tranquillity evaluations 2008 Survey Results 1.1.2 The information provided in the maps and the • Views across the Irish Sea; descriptions that are associated with them in the • Views across those areas of Anglesey not included database will guide us when we; in the AONB designation; • Local views, for example across the Menai Strait; • Provide a description of the AONB for a wide • Distant views, such as to the Great Orme, audience; Snowdonia, Llyn Peninsula and the Isle of Man, • Raise awareness of the AONB, identifying the often described as “borrowed landscapes”. special character, special qualities and national and international importance of its landscape; • Indicate the factors that have influenced landscape 1.1.4 The perception of the AONB’s overall sense of peace change in the past, and those that are likely to do and tranquillity is reaffirmed by the Tranquillity Areas so in the future; Wales Report commissioned by the CCW in 1997. The • Provide guidance for landowners, land managers purpose of the report was to identify the areas of the and policy makers on the conservation and Welsh countryside that were relatively undisturbed by enhancement of the characteristic landscape types noise and visual intrusion and therefore considered of the area. unspoilt by urban influences. This data is currently being updated by CCW and will be considered when published. 1.1.3 The influence on the character of the AONB by ‘expansive views’ is significant. By virtue of their height, The categories of possible intrusions include: scale and sheer size, the mountains of Snowdonia dominate the majority of the AONB’s landscape. Add to • Road Traffic; this the ever changing appearance of the sea then the • Settlements; perception of the landscape of the AONB is one of • Electrical Infrastructure; exposure, openness, wilderness and a feeling of • Industrial Sites; isolation. • Aircraft; • Wind Farms; The nature of the expansive views can be summarised • Race Tracks as follows: In addition to those identified in the 1997 report consid- 4 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 eration should also be given to offshore developments is periodic yet significant noise and visual intrusion from and the noise associated with jet skis. aircraft, settlements, electrical infrastructure and recreational activities (CCW 1997). Further work on a The report concludes that the AONB is a relatively tranquil area map for Wales was carried out by Land undisturbed and tranquil part of Anglesey, however there Use Consultants on behalf of CCW in 2009. Table 1: Landscape/Seascape Resource - Special Qualities of the AONB CONDITION FACTORS AFFECTING SPECIAL QUALITIES EXTENT OF RESOURCE (derived from WHY IMPORTANT? CONDITION landmap) Sea cliffs are prominent on • Changes in land the west and north coasts, management practices in particular at: • Changes in legislation • Rhoscolyn Variable • South Stack The AONB is a • Inappropriate • Ynys y Fydlyn landscape designation development • Ynys Llanddwyn • Economic pressures The coastal landscape and threats Large dune systems are helps to define the • Sea level rise, and the located at Newborough and character of Anglesey subsequent need for Coastal Landscape Aberffraw. Dunes also Features: sea defences tied into located at Traeth Dulas, Variable These features are this is managed retreat Red Wharf Bay and distinctive, appealing and • Sea Cliffs and Rhosneigr integral elements of the • Development pressures Rocky shores coastal landscape • Recreational pressures • Sand Dunes Sandy beaches are located • Sandy Beaches • Pollution throughout the AONB. Beaches are an • Saltmarsh • Decline of traditional Includes beaches at Lligwy, Variable important economic Aberffraw, Llanddona and asset for Anglesey light grazing Llanddwyn • Scrub development Saltmarsh is an important • Conifer planting Saltmarshes are located buffer between land and • Common Agricultural throughout the AONB and sea and provides coastal Policy (European, Include: Traeth Melynog, protection. National and Regional Cefni Estuary, Cymyran Good policy implications) Strait and Inland Sea, Traeth Dulas and Traeth • Non-native Invasive Coch Species • Changes in land The AONB is a management practices landscape designation • Changes in legislation • Inappropriate The agricultural development Ancient hedgerows are Traditional landscape helps to • Economic pressures Agricultural more concentrated in the define the character south and east of the and threats Landscape Features: of Anglesey AONB. • General neglect • Ancient Hedgerows Declining These features are a • Removal to increase • Stone Walls Associated with field sizes • Cloddiau boundaries (parish, estate valuable wildlife habitat • Road widening and farm) country lanes and are link corridors and trackways. for flora and fauna • Inappropriate cutting regimes These features are an • Changes in grant integral element of the schemes AONB’s landscape • Non-native Invasive Species • Changes in land management Such views provide a practices Expansive Views significant contrast and Throughout the AONB Good • Inappropriate backdrop to the development landscape of Anglesey • Energy production and transmission (continued next page...) 5 1 AONB Evidence Base Appendix 1 Table 1 – Landscape/Seascape Resource - Special Qualities of the AONB (continued) CONDITION FACTORS AFFECTING SPECIAL QUALITIES EXTENT OF RESOURCE (derived from WHY IMPORTANT? CONDITION landmap) • Changes in land management practices The landscape provides • Changes in legislation a rewarding experience • Inappropriate for both residents and Peace and Tranquillity Poor to development Majority of the AONB tourists good • Energy production The landscape is an • Inappropriate recreation economic asset • Transport • Race track developments • Climate change and These islands are an sea level rise Islands around important physical link 30 islands are included in • Changes in legislation Anglesey Variable between the landscape the AONB designation and seascape of • Natural processes Anglesey • Off shore developments 1.2 Geology and Geomorphology Island and Cemaes Bay are all part of the Mona Complex. They reflect their tectonic origin and were, in 1.2.1 Anglesey is the largest island located adjacent to the the main, formed at either constructive or destructive Welsh coastline. The current landform of Anglesey was oceanic plate margins. Apart from the Scottish only formed 8000 years ago when an increase in post Highlands, Anglesey consists of the most extensive tract glacial meltwater led to a dramatic rise in the sea level, of ancient rocks in Great Britain (IACC 1999). Within the causing the narrow valleys which today form the Menai area of the Mona complex, geological coastal features Strait, to flood. Holy Island was also created during the such as cliffs, arches, inlets, caves and islands are same period. The importance of the Island’s geology distinctive features. has long been appreciated and understood and in order to promote this recognition GeoMôn was established The geology