Library of Congress Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 TABLES IN DICTATED NOTES VOL. III PAGE COMPOUND KITE 1 M. Celled 485 COMPOUND KITE 2 M. celled 485 COMPOUND KITE 3 M. celled 486 COMPOUND KITE 4 M. celled 486 HEXAGONAL KITE 487 SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CELLULOID 544 MACADAMITE 544 FLYING WEIGHTS AND ABSOLUTE WEIGHTS OF GIVEN AEROPLANES 561 WEIGHT OF LIGHT KITE (400 gms.) 562 FLYING WEIGHT OF SILK FABRIC 564 WOOD (strips 29 cm. long, 5mm. wide, 5mm thick weights supported) 579 GRAPHICAL (DIAGRAM SHOWING RELATIVE STIFFNESS OF DIFFERENT WOODS) 581 Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress WOOD (strips made by Ballauf 28 cm. long, 5mm wide, 2mm. thick) 582 WOOD (same as above except 3 mm. thick) 583 WOODS (Alphabetically arranged) 586 Woods (arranged in order of their weights) 586 WOODS (Resistance to bending, 4 sides tried) 587 DIAGRAM of woods arranged according to their resistance to bending 588 WOODS arranged in order of their crookedness 590 WOODS, ratio between weight and load 594 DIAGRAM showing ratio of weight to load in woods 596 FLYING WEIGHT AND ACTUAL WEIGHT of triangular frame of Spruce, Linwood, White Pine, Birch 600 FLYING WEIGHTS OF ABOVE INCLUDING CLOTH 600 DIAGRAM AEROPLANE FRAMS OF SPRUCE (made by Ballauf) 607 CIRCLE, Area of 611 AREA OF CROSS SECTION OF CYLINDRICAL STICKS 811 Weights of Screws 615 WOODS, Weighed on five different days 616 FEATHERS, wt. Surface, Flying Ft. 623 Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress WOODS, weighed on five different days 637 WOODS, Summation of tables on pp. 616 and 637 638 WOODS, General Results, arranged according to wood 639 WOODS, General Results, arranged according to weight 639 DIAGRAM OF WOODS showing average weights 640 KITE (made by Ballauf, flown at Virginia Beach April, 1902, approximate wt, surface, flying wt) 687 KITE (Same as above showing wt., surface and fl.wt.) 688 453 1901, Nov. 19 Tuesday Received following notes at 1331 Conn. Ave 1901, Nov. 8 Friday At Beinn Bhreagh Daedalus Greek mythology — inventor and mechanical genius. Reported inventor of the auger, saw, and other tools. According to tradition he built the labyrinth at Crete, the temple of Apollo at Carnae, and fabricated wings with which he flew from Crete to Sicily. He was the father of Icarus . (Johnson's Encyclopedia). Icarus Son of Daedalus — who forgot, according to the old myth, his father's advice on their flight from Crete, and flew so high that the sun melted the wax with which the wings were attached to his shoulders, and he fell down, and was drowned in the sea which after him is called Icarian. (Johnson's Encyclopedia). Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress Icaria, or Icarus (Nikaria) an island of the Agean Sea W. of Samos, 15 miles long about — area about 50 sq. miles population of 8,000. As of old — is valued for its pasturage. (Johnson's Encyclopedia). Daedalus (Encyc. Brit.) VI p.760 — Legendary representative of carving and sculpture in Greece in time before Homer. His name identical with Greek “to carve”, and “carved wings”. Most of tools used in wood-carving and sculpture believed to have been invented by him. “He was the first to open the eyes of statues so that they seemed to look at the spectator, and to separate the legs so that they seemed to walk. A statue of Heracles by him had to be tied to prevent its running away, when the hero, angry at its resemblance to himself, threw a stone at it”. The legend: — The story is that Daedalus “Had fled from Athens after killing his skilful nephew Talus, had gone to Crete in the time of Minos, had there constructed the famous labyrinth, and made a ‘chorus’ for Adriadne, and a cow for Pasiphae, and had been thrown into prison, but escaped along with his son Icarus by means of wings. Icarus, however, fell into the sea and perished. Daedalus reached Sicily, where, protected by the King against Minos, who pursued him, he is said to have constructed several important works.” Encyc. Brit. 454 Daedalus An Athenian — “killed his nephew Talus through jealousy of his talents, and fled with his son Icarus to Crete, where he built the celebrated labyrinth for Minos the king. But, having offended Minos, so that he was imprisoned by him, he made wings of feathers, cemented with wax, for himself and his son, so that they might escape by flight. He gave his son directions to fly neither too low nor too high, but to follow him. Icarus, however, becoming excited forgot his father's advice, and rose so high that the heat of the sun Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress melted the wax of his wings and he fell into the sea near Samos. The island of Icaria, and the Icarian Sea being named after him. Daedalus accomplished his flight in safety. (Encyc. Brit. I, 185). Authority given “Ovid Met. Lib. VIII Fab. III”. Archytas (Xexutxs) celebrated Greek philosopher, general and mathematician, born in Tarentum. Flourished 400 — 350 B.C. — A Pythagorean in phil. — intimate friend of Plato — whose life he is said to have saved when Dionysius was about to put him to death — His virtue as conspicuous as his ability — Reported to be the first that applied geometry to practical mechanics, and the first to solve the problem of doubling the cube. He was drowned on the coast of Aphalia. Only fragments of his works are extant. (Johnson's Encyclopedia). Aeronautics (See Johnson's Encyc). Interesting article. Aerostatics See Aerodynamics (Johnson's Encyc). only a paragraph. Flying-Artificial — Interesting Article. Flying-Machine — An Addendum to Aeronautics (Described de Lome and Balloon (See aeronautics) Johnson's Encyc. Flying Short Introd. to (Flying Artificial) Johnson's Encyc. Aeronautics Enc. Brit. — Good. Flight Enc. Brit. — Good. Archytas Enc.Brit. Philosopher 447; his flying dove I, 185. 455 Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress Archytas'Flying Dove Archytas of Tarentum is apostrophized by Horace (Ode 28, lib. I). The account of his flying pigeon or dove we owe to Aulus Gellius (Noctes Atticae), who says “that it was the model of a dove or pigeon formed in wood, and so contrived as by a certain mechanical art and power to fly: so nicely was it balanced by weights, and put in motion by hidden and enclosed air”. (Enc. Brit. I, p. 185). Ancients convinced of impossibility of men being able to fly, and they appear to have made no attempts in this direction at all. Flying an attribute of the Gods or more powerful divinities. (Encyc. Brit.I, 185) (Angels — angelic beings, &c. &c. winged horses and monsters. A.G.B.) Middle Ages — Superstition — ignorance — fanaticism prevalent. Birds' wings for angels — bats' wings for devils — broomsticks for witches — art of flying was an affair of magic. A. G. B. Roger Bacon (13th Century) — Quote Dr. Wise's Aeronautics. Torricelli (Early in 17th Cent.) Albertus Magnus (Who flourished first half of 13th Century). Quotation from Astra Castra p. 25: — “Take one pound of sulphur, two pounds of willow carbon, six pounds of rock salt ground very fine in a marble mortar; place, where you please, in a covering made of flying papyrus to produce thunder. The covering in order to ascend and float away, should be long, graceful, well filled with this fine powder; but to produce thunder, the covering should be short, thick, and half full.” (Encyc. Brit. I, 185.) 456 Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress Attempts at Flying from Encyc. Brit. I, p. 186. (16th cent.) Italian alchemist (beginning of 16th Century) visited Scotland. “Having constructed a set of wings, composed of various plumage, he undertook from the walls of Stirling Castle to fly through the air to France. This feat he actually attempted but he soon came to the ground, and broke his thigh-bone by the violence of his fall”, &c. Dunbar, the Scottish poet saterized this. 1617 Fleyder, rector of grammar school at Tubingen, delivered a lecture on flying, which he published eleven years afterwards. A poor monk, ambitious to reduce this theory to practice, provided himself with wings; but machine broke down — and falling to ground he broke his legs and perished. 1648 Bishop Wilkins in Mathematical Magick 1648, relates that: — Elmerus (A monk about Confessor's time) flew by means of wings from a town a distance of more than a furlong. Another person — flew from St. St. Mark's steeple at Venice And another — at Nuremburg A Turk — at Constantinople Possible to make a long list of such narrations. 1680–81 Borelli's posthumous work De Motu Animalium points out impossibility of man being able by his muscular strength to give motion to wings of sufficient extent to keep him suspended in the air. From Encyc. Brit. I, 186. Journal by Alexander Graham Bell, From November 7, 1901, to April 29, 1902 http://www.loc.gov/resource/magbell.21610101 Library of Congress Albert of Saxony , Monk of order of St.