Annals Warsaw University of Life Sciences Forestry and Wood Technology No 102 Warsaw 2018 Contents: KAROLINA ZAWADZKA, PAWEŁ KOZAKIEWICZ „Selected properties variability of wood on trunk height of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst) of Istebna Bukowiec origin from the provenance surface in Głuchów – pilot research” 5 JAN CHMIELOWSKI, PAWEŁ KOZAKIEWICZ, WŁADYSŁAW BURACZYK “Variability of annual rings and density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood of Bolewice origin from the provenance surface in Rogów” 11 JAN CHMIELOWSKI, KAROLINA ZAWADZKA, PAWEŁ KOZAKIEWICZ, TOMASZ MAJCHEREK “Shrinkage and density of archeological pine wood from 17th century pavement” 16 JUSTYNA BIERNACKA, SŁAWOMIR KRZOSEK, AGNIESZKA ROLA- JARZĘBOWSKA, MONIKA KLOCH “An attempt to estimate the impact of investment expenditures of wood-industry companies on the sold production of the sector” 21 KAROLINA JASIONEK, IZABELA PODOBAS “ The effectiveness of new media in the promotion of the furniture industry” 27 1 DARIA BRĘCZEWSKA-KULESZA, GRZEGORZ WIELOCH „Wooden verandas in Gdańsk-Oliwa construction” 36 HORST HERMAS, SŁAWOMIR KRZOSEK „Kalkulationsbasis für Investitionen in der Holzbearbeitungsbranche Systematische Analyse der Kostenstruktur“ 45 AGNIESZKA LASKOWSKA, MARIUSZ MAMIŃSKI “Density profile of particleboard produced from post-industrial waste wood charged with synthetic resin load” 55 ŁUKASZ GRYC, IZABELA PODOBAS “Methods of limiting occupational risk related to noise exposure in enterprises of the furniture industry in Poland” 61 PIOTR MAŃKOWSKI, AGNIESZKA LASKOWSKA, MARCIN ZBIEĆ “Determination of bending strength and modulus of elasticity in the tangential and radial directions of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson)” 69 GRZEGORZ KOWALUK, ANITA WRONKA “Density – induced surface roughness of dry formed fiberboards” 75 GRZEGORZ KOWALUK, KAROLINA NITYCHORUK “Influence of dry formed fiberboards density on their thickness swelling and water absorption” 82 AGNIESZKA MRÓZ, KATARZYNA RATAJCZAK, PATRYCJA ZATOŃ, KRZYSZTOF KRAJEWSKI “Cellulose diversity in trees and its impact on properties of wood - state of the art” 90 IZABELA NIZIAŁEK, IZABELA PODOBAS, MACIEJ SOLKA, NICOLETTA BASKIEWICZ “ The application of TQM in the wood sector company” 97 ZHIVKO GOCHEV, GEORGI VUKOV, VALENTIN ATANASOV, PAVLIN VITCHEV, GEORGI KOVACHEV “Factors influencing the cutting power in longitudinal milling of solid wood” 103 VASIL MERDZHANOV “Optimization of technological parameters for continuous edgebanding of furniture panels” 112 IWONA BŁASZCZAK, EWA DOBROWOLSKA, AGNIESZKA MIELNIK, EWA LISIECKA „Furniture as functional pieces of art and the need to aestheticise life” 120 EWA DOBROWOLSKA, PETER NIEMZ „Schutzbehandlung des Holzes“ 125 2 AGNIESZKA LASKOWSKA, PAWEŁ KOZAKIEWICZ, MARCIN ZBIEĆ “Determination of the colour parameters of iroko wood subjected to artificial UV light irradiation” 133 DARIUSZ PAWLAK, PIOTR BORUSZEWSKI “Influence of addition of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) on selected properties of low- density particleboard” 139 DARIUSZ PAWLAK, IZABELLA JENCZYK TOŁŁOCZKO, PIOTR BORUSZEWSKI “Analysis of selected properties of particleboard modified with Miscanthus giganetus JM Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. & Renvoize” 149 3 Board of reviewers: Scientific council : Piotr Beer Kazimierz Orłowski (Poland) Piotr Boruszewski Ladislav Dzurenda (Slovakia) Piotr Borysiuk Miroslav Rousek (Czech Republic) Dorota Dziurka Nencho Deliiski (Bulgaria) Ewa Fabisiak Olena Pinchewska (Ukraine) Jarosław Górski Włodzimierz Prądzyński (Poland) Emila Grzegorzewska Waldemar Jaskółowski Ľubomír Javorek Grzegorz Kowaluk Paweł Kozakiewicz Adam Krajewski Krzysztof Krajewski Sławomir Krzosek Mariusz Mamiński Andrzej Radomski Janusz Zawadzki Tomasz Zielenkiewicz Warsaw University of Life Sciences Press e-mail: [email protected] SERIES EDITOR Ewa Dobrowolska ISSN 1898-5912 Renata Toczyłowska-Mamińska PRINT: P.W. Polimax Anna Sekrecka-Belniak P. Kacprzak, R. Suława – S.C. 4 Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW Forestry and Wood Technology No 102, 2018: 5-10 (Ann. WULS-SGGW, Forestry and Wood Technology 102, 2018) Selected properties variability of wood on trunk height of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst) of Istebna Bukowiec origin from the provenance surface in Głuchów – pilot research KAROLINA ZAWADZKA, PAWEŁ KOZAKIEWICZ Department of Wood Science and Wood Preservation, Faculty of Wood Technology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw Abstract: Selected properties variability of wood on trunk height of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) of Istebna Bukowiec origin of the provenance surface in Głuchów - pilot research. Spruce is one of the most important forest-forming species, forming a large number of populations differing in quality of the being created wood. For research, a single, representative trunk of a 40-year-old tree of Istebna Bukowiec provenance, was obtained from the Gołuchów research field. The test results oscillated around the averages for the species but were clearly higher than those obtained in earlier studies of the same origin, from the same experimental surface, but from a younger stand. The tested samples were characterized by high variability of flattening and eccentricity, medium variability of annual ring width and the share of late wood and high homogeneity of wood density. Keywords: Norway spruce, wood density, ovality, eccentric growth, annual rings, late wood INTRODUCTION Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) is the second species, right awayafter pine, in terms of occurrence in Poland. As a ruling species and co-occupying, it occupies 6.3% of forests in Poland [Domaszewicz et al. 2017]. Its area of occurrence includes two distinguishable ranges: north and south-west [Jaworski 2011]. In the natural range of spruce, 13 genetic regions have been identified throughout the region, of which 3 of them: the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, Western Carpathians and north-eastern Carpathians, are found in Poland and contain 12 mother regions [Puchniarski 2008]. The origin and growth habitat are factors affecting the size of the annual increments created. In conifers, narrow-leaved wood is considered a higher density material. The highest density is characterized by wood originating from the apical part of the trunk, especially from the root collar, and moving towards the apex, the density decreases. In cross-section the density of coniferous trees increases from the core to the perimeter, omitting juvenile wood [Krzysik 1978]. However, not all studies are unambiguous in this respect. For example, according to Michalec, Wąsik and Barszcz [2016], the density and share of late spruce wood from tree stands of the lower and upper shelves did not show any significant differences. However, in the studies of Barzdajn [1996] and Matras [2002] spruce wood from mountain areas, despite narrow annual growth, was characterized by a lower density than the population from the north-eastern rangeThe maternal spruce origin is in Istebna Bukowiec at an altitude of 630 m above sea level [Bieniasz et al. 2017]. In the oldest experiment of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO 1938) it was shown that that regardless of the location of the research area, said spruce reaches highest height [Masternak, Polak- Berecka 2014]. In Bieniasz and other studies [2017] on origin of spruce descended from Istebna Bukowiec, the average width of the annual ring in the experimental area in Głuchów was 3.24 mm, the share of late wood was 9.97 % and the average density of air-dry wood was 397 kg/m3. 5 The aim of the research is to determine the variability of selected properties of spruce wood (density, graininess, flattening, eccentricity, share of late wood) at the trunk height on the example of a single Istebna Bukowiec tree from the area originated in Gołuchów. This will allow the assessment of the technical quality of the wood, its potential suitability for woodworking. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was carried out on the material obtained in 2017 on the area of Forest Experimental Station WULS in Rogów, located in the Forestry Gluchów (branch 231d, formerly - 179c). From a representative tree from the provenance of Istebna Bukowiec, a breast hight slice and sequentially more slices from a height of 2 m up to the top of the tree were obtained. The examined tree with the designation 31-11-61 had a height of 19 m. After natural drying and seasoning in laboratory conditions (climate close to normal), the samples were planed and ground. Wood moisture content has been determined according to EN 13183-3: 2005. The flattening and eccentricity of the samples was calculated using the following formulas and relationships: S - ovality [%], Dmax - the largest diameter [mm], Dmin - the smallest diameter [mm], StNS - theoretical center on the north-south axis [mm], StWE - theoretical center on the west-east axis [mm], RN - radius on the north axis [mm], RW - radius on the west axis [mm], DNS - diameter of north-south axis [mm], DWE - diameter of the west-east axis [mm], M - eccentric growth (eccentric location of pith) [mm]. The wood density was determined using X-ray computed tomography (CT NeuViz 16 tomograph with integrated DAS detector (16-line tomograph - activation of 16 layers with one gantry rotation in 0.5s - minimum 0.75 mm resolution) and the Dicom Viewer program. Transverse section samples on the NS axis were placed in the maximum number of measuring fields with dimensions of approximately 20x20mm