Jurisdiction and spatial control in Israel: The case of the Little Triangle Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Abu-Rass, Thabit, 1955- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 06:33:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284360 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly fi-om the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A BeU & Howell Infonnation Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313^761-4700 800/521-0600 f 'I JURISDICTION AND SPATIAL CONTROL IN ISRAEL: THE CASE OF THE LITTLE TRIANGLE by Thabit . Abu-Rass Copyright® Thabit Abu-Rass, 1997 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN GEOGRAPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1997 DMI Number: 9814442 Copyright 1997 by Abu-Rass, Thabit A. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9814442 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As tnemfaers of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared bv Thabit A. Abu-Rass entitled Jurisdiction and Spatial Control in Israel; The Case of the Little Triangle and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of nocmr of Phi Insophv/Geographv ac * Michael J.. B(^nin_e_ Date Andr/^^ M. Kirby Date Gordon F. Mullig // Charles Smith/ Dape Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. A/oi/ y Dissertation /director Date Michael E. Bonine 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been sxibmitted in partial fulfillment or requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source made, requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or part may granted by the copyright holder. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the many- people whose help and understanding made this dissertation possible. The guidance, constructive criticism, and encouragement of my major advisors. Dr. Andrew Kirby and Dr. Michael Bonine throughout my research were a constant aid. I would also like to thank Dr. Gordon Mulligan and Dr. Charles Smith for their extremely useful input. Each provided critical comments that kept me focused on the problem at hand and moving forward. Special appreciation to Dr. Beth Mitchneck for her valuable comments in the earlier chapters, and Dave Adams for assisting in editing this dissertation, and my close friend, Abdul Rahman Yaghmour, for his friendship, and encouragement, and for helping me keep things in perspective. Finally, special thanks to Ruwaida, Thair, and Muhannad Abu-Rass- whose forbearance, patience, understanding, and unlimited support enable me to complete this dissertation. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES 10 LIST OF TABLES 11 ABSTRACT 13 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 15 Introduction 15 Statement of the Problem 18 Goals and Objectives 24 Contribution 25 Conceptual Framework 26 Methodology 27 Structure 28 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE 34 Introduction 34 The Study of Local Governments 34 Theories of local government and their functions 3 7 Power and Resistance 42 Growth Machine and Urban Regimes 44 The Entrepreneurial City 44 Urban Regime Theory 49 Regulation Theory 51 Research Frontiers 53 Ethnicity and Urban Development 56 Theories of Ethnicity 57 Social and Territorial Justice 61 Jurisdiction of Local Governments 65 Urban Political Economy in Israel 68 CHAPTER III PALESTINE/ ZIONISM: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 72 Introduction 72 Administrative Division of Palestine Prior to 1948 72 The British Policy in Palestine 75 Local Administration in Palestine During the British Mandate 77 Jewish Immigration and Settlements in Palestine Prior to 1948 81 6 Table of Contents (continued) Land Holding Patterns and Policies Prior to 1948 8 5 Land System Under the Ottomans 85 Land Taxation and Registration in the Late Ottoman Period 88 Land Sales and Ownership During the British Mandate 89 Jewish Land Acquisition in Palestine, Policy and Tactics 92 Arab-Jewish Relations in Palestine 98 The Zionist Movement's Attitude Toward the Arabs 98 Palestinian Arabs' Attitude Toward Jewish Land Acquisitions 101 The Little Triangle Before to 1948 103 Conclusion 108 CHAPTER IV ISRAELI'S LAND/PLANNING POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ARABS IN ISRAEL Ill Introduction Ill The Political Economy of Israel 113 The Planning System in Israel 116 Land and Regional Development Policy in Israel . 119 The Administrative map of Israel 122 Demographic Characteristics of the Arabs in Israel 127 The Arabs in Israel: 1948-1966 129 The Military Government 13 0 The Absentee Property Law of 1950 13 3 The Arabs in Israel after the Six Days War of 1967 137 Municipal Status of the Arab Localities in Israel 140 Regional Planning Policies Towards the Arabs in Israel 145 Jewish-Arab Relations and Socioeconomic Disparities in Israel 150 Conclusion 154 CHAPTER V THE STUDY AREA: THE LITTLE TRIANGLE IN ISRAEL 157 The Little Triangle as a region 157 Physical setting 160 Geopolitical significance 162 7 Table of Contents (continued) The Creation of the Green Line 163 The Impact of the Green Line, 1949-1967 ... 169 The Little Triangle: A Part of Israel 171 Local Administrations in the Little Triangle . 173 Changes in the Little Triangle: De-Arabization of the Land 177 The building of Jewish settlements, 1949-1966 179 The building of Jewish settlements after 1967 182 Changes in the Little Triangle: The Judaization of the Region 182 The Seven Star Plan 182 Location of Jewish Settlements 185 Shape of Jev/ish Regional Councils and new Settlements 186 The Trans-Israel Highway 190 The High Tension Power Line 192 The Impact of the Trans-Israel Highway in the Little Triangle 193 The Impact of the Seven Star Plan on the Little Triangle 196 Urbanisation and Urban Growth in the Little Triangle 198 Land and Housing in the Little Triangle 200 Conclusion 203 CHAPTER VI CHANGES OVER TIME AND SPACE: THE FRAGMENTATION OF THE LITTLE TRIANGLE 205 Introduction 205 Attitude the of Ministry of Interior and Regional Planning Committee 206 Kafar Qasem Subregion 207 Kafar Qasem 212 Kafar Bara 214 Jaljulia 216 Taiyba Subregion 217 The governmental regional plan 219 Tira 221 Taiyba 223 Qalansawe 225 Baqa Al-Gharbiyye Subregion 226 Zemer 228 Jatt 229 Baqa al-Gharbiyye 231 8 Table of Contents (continued) Wadi A'ra Sub region 232 Kafar Qara' 235 A'ra and A'ra'ra 23 6 Umm al-Fahm 23 9 Arab Villages in the Menashe Regional Council 242 Conclusion 244 CHAPTER VII NAHAL IRON RURAL COUNCIL: A CASE STUDY 246 Introduction 246 The Eight Arab Villages in Nahal Iron 24 7 Establishment of the Rural Council 250 Local Resistance and Struggle 251 Public Resistance 252 Parliamentary Resistance 255 Legal Resistance 25 6 Voting Behavior 258 Policy Change 262 Conclusion 267 CHAPTER VIII THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE ARAB TOWNS AND POPULATION IN THE LITTLE TRIANGLE 270 Introduction 270 The Questionnaire 271 The Attitude Survey Among Arab Leaders 275 The decision-making process 275 The building of Jewish settlements 276 Jewish-Arab relations in the Little Triangle 278 Discussion 279 Economic Disparities and Obstacles to Growth in the Region 284 Cooperation between Jewish and