5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Novum Structures | USA, China, Germany, India, Singapore,Novum Structures Turkey, UAE, | www.novumstructures.comUnited Kingdom, South Africa 1 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Company Introduction Novum Structures - Design & Build Specialty Contractor for Architectural Steel, Cable, Glass & Membrane Structures Wrigley’s R&D Center Chicago, USA Dali Museum St. Petersburg, USA Tours Shopping Mall, France Seattle Airport, USA Yueda 889 Shopping Mall Shanghai, China Old Castle Dresden, Germany Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 2 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Company Introduction Novum Structures International Network Novum Structures is a Design & Build Specialty Contractor for Architectural Steel, Cable, Glass & Membrane Structures Holding Company: Diss, UK Sangerhausen, Germany Menomonee Falls, WI Farnham, UK Wurzburg, Germany Chicago, IL Istanbul, Turkey San Francisco, CA Beijing, China Dallas, TX Sarasota, FL Dubai UAE Bangalore, India Singapore Selection of Novum Component Systems for Building Structures & Envelopes KK-System BB-System BK-System FF-System CCG-System ECG-System AFP-System SSM-System Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 3 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Content 1. Contemporary Architectural Styles 2. Typology of Freeform Surfaces 3. Grid Geometry 4. Grid Shell Node Types 5. Novum FF-System 6. Process Case Study – Salvador Dali Museum 7. Other Freeform Projects Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 4 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Contemporary Architectural Styles High-Tech Architecture Nicholas Grimshaw: Eden Project, , UK Foster & Partners: City Hall, London, UK DP Architects: Esplanade Theaters on the Bay, Singapore Foster & Partner: Swiss Re, London, UK Kessler & Partner : K21 Duesseldorf, DE Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 5 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Contemporary Architectural Styles Blobitecture / Blob Architecture The US architect and philosopher Greg Lynn is credited with coining this phrase, claiming that the name comes from a software feature that creates Binary Large Objects Foster & Partner: The Sage, Gateshead, UK HOK: Salvador Dali Museum, St. Petersburg, FL, USA The Jerde Partnership: Zlote Tarazy, Warsaw, Poland Studio Fuksas: New Fair, Milan, Italy Foster & Partners: British Museum, London, UK Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 6 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Contemporary Architectural Styles Deconstructivism Frank O. Gehry : Walt Disney Concert Hall, LA, US Frank O. Gehry :Dancing Houses, Prague, CZ Frank O. Gehry : Gehry Tower, Hannover, DE Coop Himmelb(l)au: BMW World, München, DE Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 7 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Content 1. Contemporary Architectural Styles 2. Typology of Freeform Surfaces 3. Grid Geometry 4. Grid Shell Node Types 5. Novum FF-System 6. Process Case Study – Salvador Dali Museum 7. Other Freeform Projects Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 8 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Surface Classification Chart Freeform Surfaces Structurally Structurally Optimized Non-Optimized Scale Minimal Translation Surface Surface Hanging Scale Form Revolution Surface Ruled Surface NURBS Surface NURBS = Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 9 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Minimal Surface • Doubly-curved anticlastic surfaces produced by experimental or numerical form-finding process • Application mainly for cable nets and tension or membrane structures Fentress & Bradburn: SeaTac Airport Seattle, US Execution: Novum Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 10 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Hanging Form • Doubly curved surfaces produced by experimental or numerical form-finding process • Application mainly for predominantly gravity loaded shell structures Frei Otto: Multihalle Mannheim, DE Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 11 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Scale Translation Surface • Facetted surface produced by a parallel translation and simultaneous scaling (dilation) of a generating polygon (generatrix) along a polygonal guideline (directrix) • Application mainly for glass structures with planar quadrilateral facets Centric Stretched Curve Profile Curve Profile Gerkan Marg & Partner: Main Railway Station Berlin, DE Engineer: Schlaich Bergerman Execution: Mero GmbH & Co.KG Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 12 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Scale Revolution Surface • Facetted surface produced by a rotation and simultaneous scaling (dilatation) of a generating polygon (generatrix) about an axis of rotation • Cylinder, sphere, cone and torus surfaces are widely used basic revolution surfaces with an analytically determined generatrix • Application mainly for glass structures with planar quadrilateral facets Hadi Simaan & Partner: Aspire Tower Doha, Qatar Engineer: Arup Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 13 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces Ruled Surface Restaurant auf der Zugspitze, DE Erick van Egeraat: Alphen City Hall, NL Execution: Oktatube International BV • Practically important ruled surfaces: > Hyperbolic Paraboloid / Hypar surfaces > Hyperboloid surfaces • Hyperbolic Paraboloid surfaces are produced by translating a generating line (generatrix) along two skewed guide lines and parallel to a directing plane • Hyperboloid surfaces are produced by rotating a generating line skewed to the axis of rotation (each hyperboloid can be generated with two different generating lines) Coop Himmelb(l)au: BMW World München, DE Vladimir Shuchov: Lipezk Tower 1896, RU Execution: Josef Gartner GmbH Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 14 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Typology of Freeform Surfaces NURBS Surface • NURBS surfaces (Non-Uniform-Rational-B-Spline) are analytically defined, double-curved surface areas controlled through the vertices of control polyhedrons • By manipulating the control polyhedrons, the surface Studio Fuksas : curvature at any location can be diversely influenced New Fair Milan, IT (rubber band effect) Execution: Mero GmbH & Co.KG • By combining multiple NURBS surface areas (patches) while maintaining the surface continuity along all area interfaces, it is possible to model any arbitrary technically or naturally occurring surface! Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 15 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Content 1. Contemporary Architectural Styles 2. Typology of Freeform Surfaces 3. Grid Geometry 4. Grid Shell Node Types 5. Novum FF-System 6. Process Case Study – Salvador Dali Museum 7. Other Freeform Projects Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 16 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Grid Geometry Grid Generation Methods Grid Generation Projection Method Parcellation Method • Projection of a regular grid pattern from a datum plane on to the freeform surface • Typically requires manual grid correction of surface areas with increased curvature or inclination to the datum plane • Boundary lines get subdivided into portions of similar length, thus creating “orthogonal” auxiliary grid on surface • Final grid is tied into this auxiliary grid Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 17 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Grid Geometry Grid Generation Methods Grid Generation Projection Method Parcellation Method Resulting grid is usually evenly spaced and balanced Grid along boundaries is unproblematic Planar grid projection is not considering boundary Resulting grid can appear slighly more irregular, lines, thus frequently creating problematic grid zones although this strongly depends on the perspective along boundaries of the viewer Grid created with planar projection Grid created with surface partitioning Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 18 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Grid Geometry Elements of Grid Shell Structures Node Node Node Node Connectivity of Elements of Grid Shell Structures Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 19 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Grid Geometry Element Orientation Element orientation vectors are generated as follows: 1. Determination of all grid panels (panel finding) 2. Determination of normal vectors for all panels (panel vector) 3. Node vectors are determined by averaging the panel vectors of all panels adjacent to a node 4. Member vectors are determined by either: a) averaging the panel vectors of the 2 panels adjacent to a member b) averaging the node vectors of the 2 nodes adjacent to a member, both projected into the member cross section plane (thus minimizing twist at both nodes) Node Vector Panel Vector Member Vector Panel Vector Member Vector Node Vector Novum Structures | www.novumstructures.com 20 5/2/2018 Grid Shell Structures on Freeform Surfaces Grid Geometry Element Connectivity Angles Element Connectivity Angles Node Angles Member Angles Vertical Angle V Horizontal Angle U Twist Angle W Panel Folding Angle F F V is the azimuth angle between the U is the polar angle between adjacent W is the angle between a member F is the angle between the 2