Final Report CHARACTERIZING THE OCEAN ECONOMIES OF GUAM, AMERICAN SAMOA, AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS July 2018 Eastern Research Group, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts Written under contract for the NOAA Office for Coastal Management www.coast.noaa.gov NOAA ENOW Pacific Islands Eastern Research Group, Inc. Learn more at www.erg.com. The Coastlines Group Learn more at www.coastlinesgroup.org Center for the Blue Economy Learn more at www.centerfortheblueeconomy.org. Acknowledgements NOAA’s Office for Coastal Management would like to thank the following people who collaborated on this project. NOAA project team: Kate Quigley, Jeff Adkins, Camille Martineau, Jennifer Zhuang, and Jean Tanimoto. ERG project team: Charles Goodhue (project manager) (ERG), Dr. Charles S. Colgan (Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Center for the Blue Economy), Dr. Christopher Hawkins (The Coastlines Group), and Doug Lyons (ERG). Additionally, these NOAA Liaisons were instrumental in coordinating interviews with contacts in each territory: Adrienne Loerzel (Guam), Hideyo Hattori (American Samoa), and Robbie Greene (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands). NOAA’s Office for Coastal Management “Coastal management” is the term used by communities and organizations striving to keep the nation’s coasts safe from storms, rich in natural resources, and economically strong. The national lead for these efforts is NOAA’s Office for Coastal Management, an organization devoted to partnerships, science, and good policy. This agency, housed within the National Ocean Service, oversees major initiatives that include the National Coastal Zone Management Program, Coral Reef Conservation Program, Digital Coast, and National Estuarine Research Reserve System. ii NOAA ENOW Pacific Islands Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Guam ......................................................................................................................................... 1 American Samoa ......................................................................................................................... 2 The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands .................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 2. Cross-Cutting Findings ................................................................................................................. 5 3. Overview of ENOW and Previous Work ....................................................................................... 6 ENOW Data ................................................................................................................................ 6 Additional Ocean-Dependent Industries: ENOW+ ........................................................................ 9 Additional ENOW+ Industries from American Samoa, Guam, and CNMI ..................................... 10 4. Methods ................................................................................................................................... 11 5. Guam ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................. 14 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 15 Guam Total Economy ................................................................................................................ 16 Guam Ocean Economy .............................................................................................................. 18 5.1.1. Living Resources ................................................................................................................ 20 5.1.2. Marine Construction ......................................................................................................... 23 5.1.3. Marine Transportation ...................................................................................................... 24 5.1.4. Offshore Mineral Resources .............................................................................................. 27 5.1.5. Ship and Boat Building ...................................................................................................... 28 5.1.6. Tourism and Recreation .................................................................................................... 29 Potential for ENOW Dataset ...................................................................................................... 33 6. American Samoa ....................................................................................................................... 36 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................. 36 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 37 American Samoa Total Economy ............................................................................................... 38 American Samoa Ocean Economy ............................................................................................. 41 6.1.1. Living Resources ................................................................................................................ 43 6.1.2. Marine Construction ......................................................................................................... 49 6.1.3. Marine Transportation ...................................................................................................... 50 iii NOAA ENOW Pacific Islands Table of Contents (Continued) 6.1.4. Offshore Mineral Resources .............................................................................................. 52 6.1.5. Ship and Boat Building ...................................................................................................... 53 6.1.6. Tourism and Recreation .................................................................................................... 54 Potential for ENOW Dataset ...................................................................................................... 58 7. CNMI ........................................................................................................................................ 62 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................. 62 Methods ................................................................................................................................... 64 CNMI Total Economy ................................................................................................................ 65 CNMI Ocean Economy............................................................................................................... 66 7.1.1. Living Resources ................................................................................................................ 68 7.1.2. Marine Construction ......................................................................................................... 71 7.1.3. Marine Transportation ...................................................................................................... 72 7.1.4. Offshore Mineral Resources .............................................................................................. 74 7.1.5. Ship and Boat Building ...................................................................................................... 74 7.1.6. Tourism and Recreation .................................................................................................... 75 Potential for ENOW Dataset ...................................................................................................... 79 8. References ............................................................................................................................... 81 iv NOAA ENOW Pacific Islands List of Tables Table 3-1. ENOW Sectors and Industries by NAICS ....................................................................................... 7 Table 3-2. ENOW+ Industries ........................................................................................................................ 9 Table 3-3. Additional ENOW+ Industries .................................................................................................... 10 Table 5-1. Guam Economy at a Glance (2015) ............................................................................................ 17 Table 5-2. Guam Industry Composition ...................................................................................................... 17 Table 5-3. Guam Ocean Economy at a Glance ...........................................................................................