United States Department of Agriculture International Response Animal and Plant Health to Infectious Salmon Inspection Service Anemia: Prevention, United States Department of the Interior Control, and Eradication U.S. Geological Survey United States Department of Commerce National Marine Fisheries Service Technical Bulletin No. 1902 The U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA), the Interior (USDI), and Commerce prohibit discrimination in all their programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA, USDI, and Commerce are equal opportunity providers and employers. The opinions expressed by individuals in this report do not necessarily represent the policies of USDA, USDI, or Commerce. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA, USDI, or Commerce over others not mentioned. The Federal Government neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. Photo credits: The background illustration on the front cover was supplied as a photo micrograph by Michael Opitz, of the University of Maine, and is reproduced by permission. The line art of salmon came from the 1973 book “The Salmon: Their Fight for Survival,” by Anthony Netboy. Houghton Mifflin Company is the copyright holder on the line art, which is reproduced by permission. Images inside the proceedings were supplied by the senior authors. For reproduc- tion rights, please consult each senior author using contact information in appendix 1, “Authors’ Affiliations.” Issued April 2003 United States Department of Agriculture International Response Animal and Plant Health to Infectious Salmon Inspection Service Anemia: Prevention, United States Department of the Interior Control, and Eradication U.S. Geological Survey United States Department of Commerce Proceedings of a Symposium National Marine New Orleans, LA Fisheries Service September 3–4, 2002 Technical Bulletin No. 1902 Otis Miller, D.V.M., M.S., and Rocco C. Cipriano, Ph.D., Technical Coordinators1 1Dr. Miller is a senior staff veterinarian and national aquaculture coordinator with the USDA–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s Veterinary Services in Riverdale, MD. Dr. Cipriano is senior research microbiologist with the USDI–U.S. Geological Survey National Fish Health Research Laboratory in Kearneysville, WV. i Suggested citation for the book, using the bibliographic style of the American National Standards Institute: Miller, Otis; Cipriano, Rocco C., tech. coords. 2003. International response to infectious salmon anemia: prevention, control, and eradication: proceedings of a symposium; 3–4 September 2002; New Orleans, LA. Tech. Bull. 1902. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service. 194 p. ii Letter of Transmittal The suppression of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is key to protecting aquaculture, the fastest growing segment of the U.S. agricultural economy. Government stewards of the salmon resource of the North Atlantic must communicate and cooperate to eradicate ISA before it becomes endemic. Sharing the science already learned by researchers in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom is essential to developing an effective management strategy. Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman acknowledged the importance of ISA when she authorized the expenditure of $8 million in fiscal years 2002 and 2003 to control and eradicate the disease. APHIS received pass-through funding for ISA research and control efforts in December 2001 and, in spring 2002, put into place program standards to eradicate the disease. In September 2002, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) hosted a symposium on ISA with assistance from the U.S. Department of the Interior’s U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Marine Fish- eries Service. The American Veterinary Medical Association supplied organizational expertise as well. This 2-day event was held in connection with the International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health in New Orleans. These symposium proceedings capture not only the formal scientific presentations but also a court reporter’s transcript of the informal presentations at the end of the second day, which addressed real-world considerations for ISA prevention, control, and eradication. Given the importance of the information shared at the meeting, APHIS staff members have pulled out all the stops to produce this book in 8 months. Once our supply of free copies is exhausted, copies can be purchased from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Also, a .pdf version will be placed on the Web site of APHIS’ Veterinary Services at <http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/aquaculture>. I hope you find the information presented at the conference as useful as I did. W. Ron DeHaven Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, DC iii Foreword On behalf of Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman, APHIS Administrator Bobby Acord, and the Deputy Administrator for Veterinary Services, Ron DeHaven, thanks for your interest in learning more about infectious salmon anemia (ISA). This book documents the scientific papers presented at a 2-day symposium held September 3–4, 2002, in New Orleans, LA, during the weeklong meeting of the International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health. In addition to 18 formal scientific presenta- tions, we have captured comments from individuals who spoke briefly during an open forum held at the end of day 2 of the symposium. While the formal presentations were submitted in advance and put through rigorous peer review, the forum talks were not vetted or corrected, other than for clarity. We took the precaution of using a local court reporter to capture the forum talks verbatim since those speakers were not required to submit manuscripts. The meeting itself was structured to provide an international response to ISA using the themes of prevention, control, and eradication. Four moderators introduced the main subject topics and the speakers’ presentations in the areas of international applied research response, diagnostic and laboratory response, management response, and regula- tory response. Our speakers provided the most current international knowledge on the extent of ISA infection in various countries, including the number of salmon farms affected, depopulation statistics, and related issues such as indemnification, regulation, and management. Also covered were effective and ineffective management procedures, projected outcomes of procedures in current use, and new developments in applied ISA science and research, including diagnostics and prevention. Presenters represented five countries: Canada, Chile, Norway, Scotland, and the United States. When the number of speakers reached 19, we split the meeting into 2 sessions on successive days. The second day culminated in a panel discussion entitled Practical Future Consider- ations for ISA Prevention, Control, and Eradication. This open forum was designed to allow audience participation and permit ISA experts not on the official agenda to address topics of interest. It always takes a team of workers to organize and execute a meeting like ours and to bring its results to printed form afterward. We will give you more particulars on this process and identify all the major players in the Acknowledgments section immediately following this Foreword. Should you wish to contact any speakers or forum participants for more details, appendixes 1 and 2 provide complete contact information. iv We look forward to working with you in helping the aquaculture industries and natural-resource agencies manage ISA. The symposium held in New Orleans was an important national and international step in coming to grips with this significant aquatic animal health threat. Otis Miller, Jr., D.V.M., M.S. National Aquaculture Coordinator Chair, ISA Symposium Planning Committee USDA–APHIS–Veterinary Services Riverdale, MD Rocco C. Cipriano Senior Research Microbiologist U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Fish Health Research Laboratory Kearneysville, WV v Acknowledgments The Veterinary Services unit of USDA’s APHIS, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Marine Fisheries Service, and Interior’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at the Federal level—along with Maine’s Department of Marine Resources at the State level—are hard at work to ensure a successful prevention, control, and eradication program to manage infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in the United States. Similar efforts are being mounted in Canada, Scotland, and Norway, all of