WT/TPR/S/324/Rev.1 • South Africa - 280 - ANNEX 4 - SOUTH AFRICA WT/TPR/S/324/Rev.1 • South Africa - 281 - CONTENTS 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 284 1.1 Main Features of the Economy .................................................................................. 284 1.2 Recent Economic Developments................................................................................ 286 1.3 Trade Performance ................................................................................................. 288 1.4 Foreign Direct Investment ....................................................................................... 291 2 TRADE AND INVESTMENT REGIMES ......................................................................... 293 2.1 General Framework ................................................................................................ 293 2.2 Trade Agreements and Arrangements ........................................................................ 293 2.3 Investment Regime ................................................................................................ 295 3 TRADE POLICIES AND PRACTICES BY MEASURE ...................................................... 298 3.1 Measures Directly Affecting Imports .......................................................................... 298 3.1.1 Customs procedures and requirements ................................................................... 298 3.1.2 Import prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing ......................................................... 299 3.1.3 Standards and other technical requirements ............................................................ 301 3.1.4 Sanitary and phytosanitary requirements ................................................................ 306 3.1.4.1 Legal and institutional framework ........................................................................ 306 3.1.4.2 Main SPS requirements ...................................................................................... 307 3.1.4.3 Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) ................................................................ 308 3.1.4.4 Marking, labelling, and packaging ........................................................................ 309 3.2 Measures Directly Affecting Exports ........................................................................... 310 3.2.1 Export procedures and requirements ...................................................................... 310 3.2.2 Export taxes, charges, and levies ........................................................................... 310 3.2.3 Export prohibitions, restrictions, and licensing .......................................................... 310 3.2.4 Export subsidies, finance, and assistance ................................................................ 310 3.3 Measures Affecting Production and Trade ................................................................... 311 3.3.1 Incentives .......................................................................................................... 311 3.3.2 Competition policy and price controls ...................................................................... 312 3.3.2.1 Competition policy ............................................................................................ 312 3.3.2.2 Price control ..................................................................................................... 314 3.3.3 State trading, state-owned enterprises, and privatization........................................... 314 3.3.4 Government procurement ..................................................................................... 315 3.3.5 Intellectual property rights .................................................................................... 318 4 TRADE POLICIES BY SECTOR ................................................................................... 323 4.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................ 323 4.1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 323 4.1.2 Policy ................................................................................................................. 323 4.1.3 Key subsectors .................................................................................................... 326 4.1.3.1 Crops .............................................................................................................. 326 Grains .......................................................................................................................... 326 WT/TPR/S/324/Rev.1 • South Africa - 282 - Sugar ........................................................................................................................... 326 Wine ............................................................................................................................ 327 Horticulture................................................................................................................... 328 4.1.3.2 Livestock ......................................................................................................... 328 4.1.3.3 Forestry ........................................................................................................... 328 4.1.3.4 Fisheries .......................................................................................................... 329 4.2 Mining and Energy .................................................................................................. 330 4.2.1 Mining ................................................................................................................ 330 4.2.1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 330 4.2.1.2 Key subsectors ................................................................................................. 331 4.2.1.2.1 Coal ............................................................................................................. 331 4.2.1.2.2 Diamonds and precious metals ......................................................................... 332 4.2.2 Petroleum and gas ............................................................................................... 333 4.2.3 Electricity ........................................................................................................... 334 4.3 Manufacturing ........................................................................................................ 335 4.3.1 Key subsectors .................................................................................................... 335 4.3.1.1 Automotive industry .......................................................................................... 335 4.3.1.2 Textiles and clothing .......................................................................................... 336 4.4 Services ................................................................................................................ 336 4.4.1 Telecommunications ............................................................................................. 337 4.4.2 Financial services ................................................................................................. 338 4.4.2.1 Banking and other credit institutions .................................................................... 338 4.4.2.2 Insurance ........................................................................................................ 339 4.4.3 Transport ........................................................................................................... 339 Air transport ................................................................................................................. 340 Maritime services ........................................................................................................... 341 Land transport ............................................................................................................... 342 4.4.4 Tourism .............................................................................................................. 343 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 345 5 APPENDIX TABLES .................................................................................................. 346 CHARTS Chart 1.1 GDP growth and contribution, 2008-14 ............................................................... 287 Chart 1.2 South Africa's current account and net financial flows, 2008-14 .............................. 288 Chart 1.3 Product composition of merchandise trade, 2008 and 2014 .................................... 289 Chart 1.4 Direction of merchandise trade, 2008 and 2014 .................................................... 290 TABLES Table 1.1 Selected macroeconomic indicators, 2008-14 ....................................................... 284 WT/TPR/S/324/Rev.1 • South Africa - 283 - Table 1.2 Balance of payments, 2008-14 ........................................................................... 291 Table 1.3 FDI flow and stock, 2008-13 .............................................................................. 291 Table 2.1 Selected notifications, 2009-15 .........................................................................