Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 208 1st International Conference on Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (ICSSIS 2018) A New ‘Ilm Kalam: Thinking Between the Classical Heritage and the Philosophical Methodology 1st Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi 2nd Akhmad Mujahidin 3rd Suryan A Jamrah Departement of Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam, Departement of Ekonomi Syariah, Departement of Ushuluddin, Universitas Darussalam Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Jawa Timur, Indonesia Kasim Ria, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Kasim Riau Pekanbaru, Indonesia *[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 4th Rian Vebrianto Faculty of education Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Pekanbaru, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—‘Ilm Kalām (Islamic Theology) plays two based on intellectual trends and attitudes, as well as important roles. First, it strengthens foundation of religious actions and behavior. If the ideologue is true, his belief. Second, it protects religious belief from any kind of intellectual orientation is correct, his faith is strengthened, misconceptions. The topic discussed in classic ‘Ilm Kalām is his career and behavior are stabilized, his personality religious belief by utilizing dialectical methodology.Today we stabilized, and he can face contemporary challenges, are witnessing the new problems and challenge toward ‘ilm kalām represented in materialism, positivism, Marxism, and whether intellectual or behavioral. Hence, proving these pragmatism. It will be impossible to encounter this new religious beliefs is one of the most important functions problem with method used by classic ‘ilm kalām. The aim of offered by science. As for the fact that this science is the this paper is to explore the most suitable form of science of science and the honor of its subject, which is Modern‘Ilm Kalām to our era. The result of this paper can God with its full qualities, the Prophet with his qualities find kind of new kalam as the defend method has been used of praise, the world and human principle and destiny, and by Abd al-Majid Al Zindani in his book “Iman”. And as the win eternal and last happiness [2]. And what in the world strengthen method by Mahmud Outman in his book is more honorable than this subject? “Islamic perspective on Materialism”.The implication of this science, make modern ‘Ilm kalam will more alive and The second aspect of this science, which is the dynamic for bothex plaining religious belief and defensive aspect, is the one that contributes to the contemporary ideologies and same time to preserving preservation of these religious beliefs of the types of religious life.The methodologies used by the modern suspicions that distort the minds of their followers, and Mutakallimūn in this study are appropriate scientific and shake those religious beliefs, go away from the right path, philosophical method. However, they are not leaving literature naql method. Thus, the modern ‘ilm kalam will be but graduated from the doctrine of Islam. Hence, the an integration of literature and philosophic methodology interest of Muslims in all the survival of the earth in this science is great, alongside their interest in the science of Keywords-classic ‘ilm kalām, modern ‘ilm kalām, jurisprudence and ethics (Sufism); the doctrine is part of Mutakallimūn, literature and philosophical methodology the three teachings of Islam (the doctrine - the law - ethics), which are inseparable from each other, I. INTRODUCTION representation of this attention in be greedy teaching this science and making it a basic subject in the curriculum, The ‘ilm kalām is a science to prove religious beliefs whether in formal educational institutions, especially in with truth evidence and the reject who makes invalid schools and Islamic institutes at the primary, preparatory aqeeda, until remove doubts, and reassure the heart by and secondary levels or in informal educational faith and is able to respond to suspicions and institutions, such as mosques, seminars, religious events misconception about aqeeda and reject of a voluptuary and so on [3]. [1]. The‘ilm kalam is one of the most important sciences in its history. It has two important aspects in Islam: First There is almost no governmental or non-governmental proving religious beliefs and defending them from enemy university - in Indonesia, for example - from the Faculty attack. of Islamic Studies, which has devoted itself to the study of religious sciences (such as theology, tafsīr, hadith, As it is the most important science because the science jurisprudence and usul fiqh, and sufism, religious of religious beliefs is built on all sciences, so that gives education, and teaching Arabic and its branch sciences). the basic elements of human perception (in existence, But devoted to these universities a special section to study knowledge, the world (testimony and repentance), and the ‘ilm kalām and science branching out of it, the human and restored), was this perception is the basis on Department of "Islamic Theology and philosophy," or the which the other perceptions, This basic perception is Department of aqīda and Islamic thought, "Alder under Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 10 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 208 the Faculty of Islamic Theology, and interest in this happening, Negation of the Prophet And return and science in the many literature around him by scientists Mahdi, and denial of the Ba’ath, and Imam. specialized in each era and Every country, so as not to call These are the challenges faced by the ancient ‘Ilm a subject only wrote, and no doubt only answered. Kalam, and from this point of view became the theories, II. PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Islam and logical statements dominated the minds of people in that period of time, talk about substance, This science has played an important role in the past, accident, image, and the integral part, and the body is especially in the second aspect of this science, namely, the simple and complex, These concepts were changed after defense of religious beliefs from the suspicions of the evolution of the scientific movement, they discussed enemies and their inventors. This is because the former doctrines and beliefs that are not existing and widespread speakers (Mutakallimun) can speak to those who are today, as most - if not all - have disappeared in this time. suspicious of their language and approach and according to their minds. This science became realistic in its subject, It is interesting to note that the most prominent critic method and content. of contemporary linguistics was Wahiduddin Khan, an eminent Muslim scholar and scholar of India, who As for the enemies and their mentality, and their presented important studies in new Islamic theology. method in presenting suspicions and fabrications, and Sheikh Wahīduddīn Khan conceived the ‘Ilm Kalām as their subject matter, it is unavoidable, but we need the "an instrument of Islamic preaching that aims to inform weapons they used and the approach they took so that we the facts of religion with the same language and could understand their philosophy and ideas fully terminology as the one in his time" [4]. Thus, it is the comprehensively and then respond and refute them until science of my time, the end of his mission by the end of we can show the truth of falsehood and sound of the era in which he was placed, and to play the role of the misguidance. intellectual patron that was framed within it. Because of the importance of the ‘ilm kalam and its Therefore, he believes that the ‘ilm kalām-according to high prestige and honor and depth of its impact on the the broad division-which was developed in the Abbasid construction of the scientific system, social and cultural era, led to the service of Islam in his time, but the side, and on the other hand renewed the emergence of evolution of time has canceled its usefulness, renewing contemporary challenges, especially the challenges of the terms and patterns of thought different from the modernity and postmodernity, as well as the challenges of previous, but many of the rationality of words based on globalization, here became the ‘ilm kalām in the test of intuition, Has been overturned by the new methodology. experimentation and testing, Dependence on heritage Therefore he strongly criticizes the educational curricula curricula only without paying attention to the latest that the students of the ancient books of speech have been developments in the era, as this led to stagnation and keen on. They have produced useful people for work delay from the lap of the age, and cannot rely on modern before 500 years, unaware of the contemporary challenge developments and methods and approaches at all without to Islam, which makes them incapable of displaying Islam reference to assets; which led to the loss of authentic and proclaiming it above principles in today's world. But Islamic identity. they - as he sees - represented Islam as a declining myth; On this basis, this science should be placed in the they stressed that Islam was valid for the era of pre- microscope of scientific research, to know its status science, and that it is not suitable for modern man . currently with its positive and negative, to finally reach a III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY new science, which can play its role in building and preserving the Islamic nation and civilization. This research is a literature study by reviewing textbooks and publication texts sourced from relevant In the past, this science is taught in traditional schools reports. From the above discussion of Ilm Kalām (Islamic in traditional method, usually under the name of ‘Ilm Theology) Aqīda (Islamic theology), or ‘ilm kalām; either in accordance with the Ash'ari and Māturidi doctrines, IV.