March 2018 December 2017 ESIA REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED BAEKER IAIP AND MAI KADRA RTC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT WESTERN TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA Tigray Region IPDC TYPE OF DOCUMENT (PUBLIC)(DRAFT) DATE: MARCH 2018 ESIA REPORT Proposed Baeker IAIP and Mai Kadra RTC, Tigray Western Tigray Region Page i TABLE OF 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1-1 CONTENTS 1.1 Background to the Project ................................. 1-1 1.2 Land Tenure and Land Use ................................ 1-4 1.3 Purpose of This Report (ESIA Report) .............. 1-5 1.4 Structure of this Report ...................................... 1-5 1.5 Details of the ESIA Project Team ....................... 1-8 1.6 Details of the Applicant and Environmental Assessment Practitioner .................................... 1-9 1.7 Assumptions and Limitations ............................ 1-9 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................... 2-1 2.1 Baeker IAIP ........................................................... 2-1 2.2 MaI Kadra RTC ..................................................... 2-9 2.3 Phases of the Proposed Project ...................... 2-14 2.4 Project Status .................................................... 2-15 3 NEED AND DESIRABILTY...................... 3-1 4 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES .................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction .......................................................... 4-1 4.2 Consideration of Alternatives ............................ 4-1 4.3 Comparison of Alternatives ............................... 4-2 5 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................ 5-1 5.1 Institutional Framework ...................................... 5-1 5.2 Policy and Legal Framework in Ethiopia .......... 5-2 5.3 Specific Legal Framework for Industrial Parks in Ethiopia ................................................................ 5-3 5.4 National Strategies and Plans ............................ 5-4 5.5 National Standards, Directives and Guidelines 5-4 5.6 Regional Plans ..................................................... 5-5 5.7 International Conventions, Protocols and Agreements .......................................................... 5-5 ESIA REPORT Proposed Baeker IAIP and Mai Kadra RTC, Tigray Western Tigray Region Page ii 5.8 International Guidelines and Standards ........... 5-6 6 THE ESIA METHODOLOGY ................... 6-1 6.1 Scoping Phase ..................................................... 6-1 6.2 Impacts Assessment Phase ............................... 6-2 7 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ........... 7-1 7.1 Approach to Stakeholder Engagement ............. 7-1 7.2 Project Stakeholders ........................................... 7-7 7.3 Feedback Mechanism ......................................... 7-7 8 BASELINE OF THE RECEIVING ENVIRONMENT ...................................... 8-1 8.1 Introduction .......................................................... 8-1 8.2 Climate .................................................................. 8-2 8.3 Topography and Geomorphology ..................... 8-5 8.4 Geology ................................................................ 8-6 8.5 Soils ...................................................................... 8-9 8.6 Surface Water (Hydrology) ............................... 8-18 8.7 Groundwater (hydrogeology) ........................... 8-21 8.8 Wetlands ............................................................. 8-25 8.9 Air Quality .......................................................... 8-25 8.10 Climate change .................................................. 8-29 8.11 Noise ................................................................... 8-30 8.12 Transport / Access ............................................ 8-36 8.13 Visual .................................................................. 8-37 8.14 Waste Management ........................................... 8-39 8.15 Biodiversity ........................................................ 8-41 8.16 Socio-Economic Environment ......................... 8-44 9 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS ................................................ 9-1 9.1 Soils ...................................................................... 9-1 ESIA REPORT Proposed Baeker IAIP and Mai Kadra RTC, Tigray Western Tigray Region Page iii 9.2 Surface Water ...................................................... 9-4 9.3 Groundwater ........................................................ 9-6 9.4 Wetlands ............................................................... 9-7 9.5 Air Quality ............................................................ 9-7 9.6 Climate Change ................................................... 9-8 9.7 Noise ..................................................................... 9-9 9.8 Transport and Access ....................................... 9-11 9.9 Waste Management ........................................... 9-12 9.10 Visual .................................................................. 9-13 9.11 Biodiversity ........................................................ 9-14 9.12 Socio-economic ................................................. 9-17 10 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...................... 10-1 10.1 Soils .................................................................... 10-1 10.2 Surface water ..................................................... 10-2 10.3 Groundwater ...................................................... 10-3 10.4 Wetlands ............................................................. 10-3 10.5 Air Quality .......................................................... 10-3 10.6 Noise ................................................................... 10-4 10.7 Transport and Access ....................................... 10-4 10.8 Waste Management ........................................... 10-4 10.9 Visual .................................................................. 10-5 10.10 Biodiversity ........................................................ 10-5 10.11 Socio-economic ................................................. 10-6 10.12 Cumulative Impacts .......................................... 10-7 11 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) ............. 11-1 11.1 Introduction and Objectives ............................. 11-1 11.2 Summary of Impacts ......................................... 11-2 11.3 Mitigation and Enhancement Measures .......... 11-4 ESIA REPORT Proposed Baeker IAIP and Mai Kadra RTC, Tigray Western Tigray Region Page iv 11.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme ....................................................... 11-18 11.5 Public consultation and dissemination of information ....................................................... 11-30 11.6 Organisations and Institutions Responsible for Implementation of the ESMP .......................... 11-30 11.7 Reporting and Reviewing ............................... 11-32 11.8 Project Feedback Adjustment ........................ 11-33 11.9 Project Grievance and Redress Mechanism 11-34 11.10 Training and Capacity Building ..................... 11-36 12 CONCLUSIONS .................................... 12-1 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 12-1 ESIA REPORT Proposed Baeker IAIP and Mai Kadra RTC, Tigray Western Tigray Region Page v TABLES TABLE 1-1: ACPZS SELECTED AND ASSOCIATED PILOTING FACILITIES ............................................................. 1-3 TABLE 1-2: REGIONAL DATA - LAND USE AND LAND COVER TYPE ..................................................................... 1-5 TABLE 1-3: STRUCTURE OF THE ESIA REPORT ................................................................................................. 1-6 TABLE 1-4: ESIA PROJECT LOCAL TEAM ........................................................................................................... 1-8 TABLE 1-5: DETAIL OF THE APPLICANT............................................................................................................... 1-9 TABLE 1-6: DETAIL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PRACTITIONER ..................................................... 1-9 TABLE 2-1: COORDINATES OF THE BAEKER IAIP SITE ....................................................................................... 2-2 TABLE 2-2: LAND USE PATTERN IN THE ADJOINING AREA – 5 KM RADIUS .......................................................... 2-3 TABLE 2-3: IAIP OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................ 2-4 TABLE 2-4: SUMMARY OF PRELIMINARY DETAILS OF THE BAEKER IAIP ............................................................ 2-5 TABLE 2-5: ESTIMATED AVERAGE DAILY WATER DEMAND FOR THE IAIP .......................................................... 2-6 TABLE 2-6: WATER DEMAND - YEAR WISE PATTER - CUM/DAY ........................................................................... 2-6 TABLE 2-7: ESTIMATED SEWAGE GENERATION FOR THE IAIP (REF: TABLE #2, MACE-P942-WY-BA-SE- DOC-001, R3, 04/1-/2017) ....................................................................................................................... 2-7 TABLE 2-8: ESTIMATED AVERAGE DAILY WASTEWATER GENERATION FOR THE IAIP (REF: TABLE #4, MACE- P942-WY-BA-SE-DOC-001, R3, 04/1-/2017) ....................................................................................... 2-7 TABLE 2-9: ESTIMATED AVERAGE DAILY SOLID WASTE GENERATION FOR THE IAIP ......................................... 2-8 TABLE 2-10: ESTIMATED POWER DEMAND FOR THE IAIP .................................................................................