NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, June -2020 BUILDING A PANCASILA LAWS PARADIGM AS THE INDONESIAN CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCE PARADIGM (Critical-Philosophical Study of Legal Positivism Paradigmes in Indonesia) BUDHI HERY PANCASILAWAN Jayabaya University, Jakarta Email: [email protected] RAMLANI LINA SINAULAN Jayabaya University, Jakarta Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: time, raises questions as well. What is meant by The issue of "paradigm" is always Moeljatno at that time related to the use of the interesting to be discussed and debated. phrase "principles" is to refer to the Differing views of jurists preceded by a classification of a system of values (values)? Or paradigm that is used in building the what is meant by Moeljatno is the "basis" of the argument juridical (legal reasoning). That whole value system, namely the value itself? difference, also under the influence of More explicitly, Bernard Arief Sidharta (2009: methods of learning in higher education law. 9-10) explained, that in questioning a legal This implies, that a scientist law will never problem, the study should start from the probably be in the zero point in issuing his scientific activities of the Law, namely by views and will always be subjective. reflecting philosophical. A complete The issue becomes interesting, when philosophical reflection on the Science of Law Indonesia, was clearly an explicit through will question the aspects of ontology, the fourth paragraph of the preamble NRI epistemology and axiology aspects of Legal 1945 confirms Pancasila as a paradigm of Studies. The study of these three aspects will the whole life of the state and society. Thus, determine the existence and scientific character Pancasila is the only paradigm (Philosophy) of Legal Studies which will have implications for Law recognized and acknowledged in some the way Legal Law is developed (theoretical legislation. So, again the problem is whether legal development) and Legal Law (practical the law enforcement in Indonesia has been legal development) in the reality of social life. able to absorb the essence of Pancasila it Therefore, the view of Legal Studies will self. influence the "form and way of education KEYWORDS: Pancasila, Paradigm, (higher) law", and "how to think" and "how to Philosophy, Human, Legal Studies work" the jurists produced. Against this, the author cites the opinion of INTRODUCTION: Mochtar Kusuma-Atmadja were cited by Otje At the National Law Seminar I of 1963, Salman (2010 : 28), the laws are made to be Moe Ijatno made a scathing criticism in the form appropriate or notice of public awareness. As of a question through his paper , namely, " On confirmed by Jan Gijssels and Mark van Hoecke what basis or principles should our criminal law ( 2001 : 16 ) , where the law is and must be a be built? " (Barda Nawawi Arief, 2012: 8). The reflection of a civilization (beschaving). That is, question, of course, when understood at this the formation of criminal legislation should not 430 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, June -2020 be individualistic, which is embraced and in the process of law enforcement in Indonesia? transmitted through colonialism, but social This, in essence, is not clearly described, even collective, because the law is a social some criminal law regulations expressly phenomenon. emerge Pancasila as the only paradigm in The development of a positivistic- reading, understanding, interpreting and legalistic rational paradigm entering Indonesia implementing these regulations. However, the which is always opposed to the living law of the influence of the Legal Positivism Paradigm Indonesian Nation has often been questioned by taught and inherited by the colonial was so real legal experts in the past, until now. However, the based on its manifestation through the attitude root of the rational paradigm according to of behavior of the state administrators. Khudzaifah Dimyati & Kelik Wardiono (2014: So it is very appropriate when, Widodo vi), R. Soepomo (2013: 1-2), and Bernard Arief Dwi Putro and Lili Rasjidi, who indirectly Sidharta (2009: 4) caused by several factors, emphasized, the Legal Positivism Paradigm namely: leads to low quality legal reasoning. Therefore, 1. Domination and legal political hegemony of the Legal Positivism Paradigm overrides the the Dutch East Indies colonial nature and essence of a human being in his government; dynamic relationships. 2. Reduction of Islamic teachings and Islam Roeslan Saleh (1983: 7-8) who explained from state life; that the thought of criminal law is incomplete 3. S structures are at the economy with a and intact if released from the philosophical system of liberal-capitalist; view that should have been the basis. And the 4. Consensus academics laws me up right in the issue of criminal responsibility cannot be legal system since the days of the Dutch East separated from 2 (two) aspects which are seen Indies colonial administration; from the philosophical aspect, namely the 5. The need to prepare rechtsambtenar (judge aspect of justice and aspects of behavior. or clerk) Aspects of justice, as the crown of philosophy, is 6. The minimum number of competent law an aspect that since Paradigm Rational or Legal graduates and those who have legislative Positivism has rested and removed, drafting skills is less than 200 people; characterized by Pure Theory of Law by Hans 7. Behind the development of science and Kelsen, although such efforts have been evident technology. since the era of Rene Descartes and August As a result of the influence of legal Comte. While in the behavioral aspect, the Legal relations that have occurred widely, even across Positivism Paradigm uses the verification national borders, or better known as method of data and facts that are sensed an. The globalization, the influence of legal philosophy scientific construction of legal reasoning in shaping the legal politics and legal system of through the syllogism method is a behavior of a country, can also be said to be one of the verifying recognition of an action that is elements that influence mindset in the matched with elements that have been formation of law. As explained by CFG. Sunaryati determined in advance of the truth (major Hartono (1991: 52), that there are legal premise), so that the existence of a minor philosophies that influence the development of premise is not possible to shift from that which national law both past and present. has been determined. Therefore, a conclusion in Based on the descriptions above, what is the perspective of the Legal Positivism interesting to study is what paradigm is applied 431 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 6, June -2020 Paradigm is there from the time the major for reason about the relationships between premise was established. human beings. The concept of human life, as stated by St. PROBLEM FORMULATION: Thomas Aquinas (1996 : 23) which is associated Based on the description above, the author with the concept of justice as a manifestation of views the existence of a legal problem that an ideal prototype of life, beginning with the would be very appropriate and deserves to be expression Justice is about our doings in studied in depth, namely: relation to ourselves as well as to others . The "Is the use of Pancasila as a Legal Paradigm ideal life is described by Thomas Aquinas as a (Philosophy), is it appropriate to shift the form of good relations based on the principles of hegemony of the Legal Positivism Paradigm in doing good for others, and not expecting others the process of renewing criminal law in to do good for him. Indonesia ?" Thinking Philosophically a result of human effort with the power of his intellect to ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION: comprehend m i is a radical, integral and 1. Between Philosophy, Human and Legal universal nature of sarwa there (the nature of Studies God, nature and human nature), as well as Philosophy begins with a sense of wonder, human behavior, including as a consequence of curiosity, ask questions about anything and understanding the (ES Ansari, 19, 84 : 12). Oleh especially with speculation about the answers therefore, humans are naturally question the to all these questions. Speculation, if used essence of himself, even arguably it is a puzzle philosophically, means determining the like himself, who the "I" of this? (Greetings , "subject" or idea and pondering it 1988: 12) fundamentally. It was this particular aspect that Based on this, in the context of human caused people to become interested in relations, in its development shifted the philosophy. As long as humans always want to hegemony of private law, with the emergence of know, by asking questions such as what, why, discussions about public law spearheaded by how, where and how, then speculation becomes the Vienna Circle. Private law is considered to be very interesting, and will be more interesting no longer able to accommodate all aspects of when expanding questions about the universe human life. The philosophers then gave rise to a or at least questioning human nature (E. study of the aspects of constitutional law, Sumaryono 1999 : 13). administrative law and criminal law. The relationship between philosophy and In a increasingly pluralistic modern human nature, as expressed by Jan Hendrik society, there is also an increasing need to Rapar (2010 : 15) which explains that formulate the necessary legal norms into a philosophy is a science that seeks to understand variety of generally accepted legal rules the nature of reality exists by relying on reason. (legislation). These written legal rules, among Therefore, philosophy as a science tries to others, function to guarantee stability in legal understand (verstehen) all forms of reality relations between citizens.