AMPS CONFERENCE 16 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning AMPS, Architecture_MPS; Kent State University; Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Cleveland: 01-02 November, 2018 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning EDITORS: Jeffrey Kruth and Steven Rugare SERIES EDITOR: Dr. Graham Cairns PRODUCTION EDITOR: Eric An © AMPS C.I.O. AMPS PROCEEDINGS SERIES 8. ISSN 2398-9467 2 AMPS CONFERENCE 16 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning AMPS, Architecture_MPS; Kent State University; Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Cleveland: 01-02 November, 2018 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning INTRODUCTION This publication is the product of the conference Alternatives to the Present held at Kent State University’s Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative in the city of Cleveland, USA, in 2018. The premise of the conference and this publication is captured in the original call: The New Urban Agenda of the United Nations presents itself as a blueprint for governments globally. Through it, UN-Habitat seeks to combine the material, social and environmental agendas molding the urban world. The American Planning Association reflects this, advocating for planning that promotes social equity, inclusive communities, and expanded opportunities for all. The International Union of Architects speaks of revolutionizing design to ensure sustainable human settlement, while the AIA champions livable communities. In the UK, the RIBA links housing design and social inclusion and the National Housing Federation connects the provision of homes to public health. All this reflects the field of sociology and geography with the ISA identifying cites as the principle site of social conflict and political contestation and the American Association of Geographers linking the notions of resilience and urban justice. This apparently holistic view suggests that 20th Century top-down and disciplinary reductive understandings of the urban condition, such as those attributed to the Athens Charter, are a thing of the past. It also suggests a scenario in which social equity is fully integrated into notions of development. However, even a cursory glance at the reality of early 21st Century urbanism shows this is clearly not the case. On the one hand, individual disciplines still tend to work in isolation and even in competition, while on the other, Neoliberal agendas still represent the raison d’être of most development projects. The Alternatives to the Present conference seeks to critique the dichotomies involved in this increasingly confused scenario by bringing together various disciplines to interrogate the diversity of factors either limiting or activating the possibilities of an equitable urban future. This publication, and the conference which it documents, were organised by the research organisation AMPS, its academic journal Architecture_MPS, the Department of Architecture at Kent State University and the Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative. It formed part of the AMPS program of events, Housing – Critical Futures. 3 AMPS CONFERENCE 16 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning AMPS, Architecture_MPS; Kent State University; Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Cleveland: 01-02 November, 2018 Alternatives to the Present. A Conference on Architecture, Urbanism, Sociology, Development & Planning INDEX 1: FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT LEVEL IN BUILDINGS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO BUILDING IN THAILAND 7 Ariya Atthawuttikul 2: ON ALIENATION: CARNAL KNOWLEDGE, MATERIALITY, AND LYGIA CLARK’S “STONE AND AIR” 17 Maria Eugenia Achurra 3: ARCHITECTURE AS AN AGENT OF PRIVATISATION AND DISPLACEMENT 24 Glyn Robbins 4: ENVIRONMENTAL PLAINS AND PRAIRIE BLUFFS ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER ON SOUTHWESTERN ILLINOIS: THE CASE OF STOOKEY 31 Rolando Gonzalez 5: POST ZOO: ALTERNATIVE FUTURES IN THE ANTHROPOCENE 41 Rua Alshaheen 6: SEEKING A RELATIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE WRITINGS OF CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER 50 Kevan Klosterwill 7: IMAGINING SPACE AND ENVISIONING FUTURES: A BI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO DIGITAL URBAN PLANNING 57 Sophie Mélix, Martin Schinagl 4 8: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY ISSUES IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING: THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION. 64 Daniel L. Faoro 9: IMAGINING AND DEMOCRATIZING FUTURE MOBILITIES LEARNING FROM STUDIO DESIGNS FOR INTEGRATED MOBILE MATTERS OF CONCERN 74 Ditte Bendix Lanng, Ole B. Jensen 10: ARCHITECTURE & SOCIOLOGY: MOVING PRACTICE BEYOND THE NON-SOCIAL INDIVIDUAL AND THE ABSTRACT PLACE 83 Anita Bakshi, Zaire Dinzey-Flores 11: INDUSTRIAL CLOUD COMPLEX 89 Antonio Furgiuele 12: LEARNING FROM THE CRISIS: ARCHITECTURE, TOURISM AND THE CRISIS IN GREECE. 97 Eleni Gaglia 13: MUTUAL-AID COOPERATIVE HOUSING AS A BRIDGE BETWEEN SELF-PROVISIONED AND THE FORMAL PRODUCT DELIVERY MODEL: LESSONS FROM URUGUAY. 106 Nadia Shah 14: TRANSITIONING TO SUSTAINABLE URBAN REGIONS THROUGH LOCALIZATION AND DESIGN: THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEWIS MUMFORD 114 Mark Luccarelli 15: ME HERE, THEM THERE, ME THERE, WE HERE. SOME APPLICATIONS FOR CONVENTIONS OF ARCHITECTURAL REPRESENTATION IN THE RECOGNITION OF INFORMAL VALUES. 120 Sushma Patel, Stephen Steyn 16: MEASURING THE URBAN QUALITIES OF MIXED-USE STREETS 129 Samaa Badawi, Alshimaa A. Farag 5 17: CHANGING TIMES IN HOUSING PRODUCTION: MARKET-LED HOUSING TRANSFORMATION IN 21ST CENTURY NAIROBI 138 Collins Sasakah Makunda 18: A NOVEL APPROACH TO URBAN DWELLINGS: THE CASE OF THE K’SOUR IN THE M’ZAB VALLEY, ALGERIA 147 Hocine Bougdah, Ania Djermouli 19: A RIVER AND WARFARE: EXPLORING WAR ANECDOTES AND LANDSCAPE VARIANCES ALONG THE RIVER SPREE 157 Dianne Lê 6 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PRESENT. A CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURE, URBANISM, SOCIOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING AMPS, Architecture_MPS; Kent State University; Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Cleveland: 01-02 November, 2018 FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT LEVEL IN BUILDINGS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO BUILDING IN THAILAND Author: ARIYA ATTHAWUTTIKUL Institution: KING MONGKUT’S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LADKRABANG INTRODUCTION Design of functional spaces that suits the needs of various residents is a very important aspect of low- income residential building design. At present, in response to a new government policy, low-income housing projects are classified into 5 categories: (1) small house in a crowded community, (2) commercial residential building, (3) low-price condominium, (4) council flat housing, and (5) apartment or dormitory. The space in all the buildings in these projects is divided into 3 zones: sleeping zone, multi-purpose zone, and toilet and laundry zone. Architects utilize different design principles in designing buildings with various kinds of functional spaces that suit different needs of individuals. To achieve a good design, several analyses need to be performed first such as an analysis of the building location, of the building functional characteristics, and of the surroundings.1 At present, the amount of energy consumption in Thailand has doubled the amount consumed 30 years ago, and the trend is still continually increasing soon. Public concern about this aspect has made conservation of energy become a general interest of every sector, including building architects.2 In this country especially, a huge amount of energy is used for providing thermal comfort during the days for various office buildings and for a lot of residential buildings during the nights. Therefore, the focus of modern architects is on designing buildings to provide enough thermal comfort while consuming low energy. As for a minimum standard for thermal comfort that a building designer in tropical countries should o aim for, ISO7730 suggested predicted mean vote (PMV), an air temperature (ta) under 30 C, and an air velocity in excess of 1 m/s. In terms of social equality, planners and developers of low-income housing should ensure that their buildings should provide sufficient thermal comfort level; designing such buildings should focus on cooling areas in the building with natural ventilation and reducing electrical energy consumption on lighting and air-conditioning. Architecture design for tropical zone This kind of design is based on high humidity of tropical climate, low level of in-building ventilation, and high temperature during the day and night.3 Typical local architecture shows clearly the components of buildings that can be adjusted to face the changing weather on an annual basis. These components are such as highly elevated ceiling for the space under the first floor (The first floor of a Thai house is typically constructed at least 2.5 meters high above the ground and the ground floor 7 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PRESENT. A CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURE, URBANISM, SOCIOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING AMPS, Architecture_MPS; Kent State University; Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative Cleveland: 01-02 November, 2018 functions as a living room) highly extended eaves for preventing the rain from falling into the house and for providing ample shade for the house, steep roof for keeping the temperature low inside the building, semi-open terrace for getting close to the nature, and selection of building materials that provide good ventilation.4 The authors of these two papers reported that several architectures have designed buildings to maximally prevent heat from sunlight