Environmental Assessment Document April 2014 Initial Environmental Examination TIM: Road Network Upgrading Sector Project Tasitolu to Tibar New Port Road This environmental assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Japan International Cooperation Agency does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. R N U P : Tasitolu to Tibar New Port R o a d P a g e | i Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 1 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 THE PROJECT .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE OF IEE ........................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Objective if the IEE Report .................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 Structure of the IEE Report ................................................................................................................. 2 2. LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN TIMOR-LESTE ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2 SAFEGUARD GUIDELINES ............................................................................................................................ 5 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................... 6 3.1 BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT ............................................................................................. 6 3.2 LOCATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 EXISTING ROAD ........................................................................................................................................... 7 3.4 PROPOSED WORKS ..................................................................................................................................... 8 3.4.1 Recruitment of Manpower .................................................................................................................... 2 3.4.2 Mobilization of Heavy Equipment ....................................................................................................... 3 3.4.3 Development and Operational of Basecamp .................................................................................... 3 3.5 ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................................................................. 3 3.6 COST ESTIMATE ........................................................................................................................................... 4 4. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................... 5 4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE CONDITIONS ...................................................................................... 5 4.1.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1.2 Noise ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1.3 Meteorology and Climate ..................................................................................................................... 5 4.1.4 Extreme Weather Events ..................................................................................................................... 7 4.1.5 Topography ............................................................................................................................................ 8 4.1.6 Geology and Soils ................................................................................................................................. 9 4.1.7 Seismicity ............................................................................................................................................. 10 4.1.8 Hydrology and Water Resources ...................................................................................................... 11 4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE CONDITIONS ................................................................................ 12 4.2.1 Vegetation Cover and Flora............................................................................................................... 12 4.2.2 Protected Areas and Important Bird Areas ..................................................................................... 14 4.2.3 Fauna ........................................................................................................ 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Bookmark not defined. 4.2.4 Coastal habitats ................................................................................................................................... 16 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT BASELINE CONDITIONS ...................................................................... 16 4.3.1 Population and Demography ............................................................................................................. 16 4.3.2 Livelihoods and Poverty ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.3.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................ 17 4.3.4 Industrial Development, Public Utilities and Local Markets .......................................................... 17 4.3.5 Access to Social Infrastructure and Facilities ................................................................................. 17 4.3.6 Human Issues and Quality of Life ..................................................................................................... 18 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES .................................... 20 5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 20 5.2 PRE-CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS .................................................................................................................. 20 5.2.1 Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience ................................................................................... 20 5.2.2 Vegetation Removal during Surveying and Demarcation ............................................................. 22 5.2.3 Accidental Discovery of Physical Cultural Resources ................................................................... 23 5.2.4 Removal of Trees ................................................................................................................................ 23 5.2.5 Restrictions on Use of Land .............................................................................................................. 23 5.2.6 Mobilization of the Contractor and Construction Camp ................................................................. 24 5.3 CONSTRUCTION IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 25 5.3.1 Impacts on Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 25 R N U P : Tasitolu to Tibar New Port R o a d P a g e | ii 5.3.2 Works in or Adjacent to Rivers and Streams .................................................................................. 26 5.3.3 Impacts from Materials Extraction .................................................................................................... 27 5.3.4 Impacts from Spoil Disposal .............................................................................................................. 28 5.3.5 Impacts on Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 30 5.3.6 Soil Impacts and Erosion ................................................................................................................... 30 5.3.7 Impacts on Water Quality .................................................................................................................. 32 5.3.8 Waste Management............................................................................................................................ 33 5.3.9 Emergency Response .......................................................................................................................