GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF MICHIGAN 1. Felch Mountain Range. Stratigraphical LUCIUS L. HUBBARD, STATE GEOLOGIST Succssion. Overturn........................................ 15 UPPER PENINSULA 2. Menominee And Michigamme Rivers. Older Strata. Ellwood Mine. Keyeslake. Lake Mary. 1881-1884 Stratigraphical Succession............................... 16 VOL. V (C) Gogebic Region. PART I. Geological Structure. East of Gogebic Lake. West of Gogebic Lake. Stratigraphical Succession. GEOLOGICAL REPORT ON THE UPPER Galena. Ferruginous Quartzites. Siliceous PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN Schists. Dip of Strata. Sunday Lake. Occurrence of Ore. Infiltration. Analyses of Ore. Montreal EXHIBITING THE PROGRESS OF WORK FROM 1881 TO 1884 River........................................................................18 IRON AND COPPER REGIONS (D) Penokee-Gogebic Region, Wisconsin. Gogogashung River. Analyses of Ore. BY Stratigraphical Succession. Penokee Gap.. ..........23 C. ROMINGER (E) Vermillion Range, Minnesota. Stratigraphical Succession. Gabbro. Slate. ACCOMPANIED BY A MAP AND TWO GEOLOGICAL Equivalency with Formations of the Marquette CROSS-SECTIONS District .....................................................................24 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE LAWS OF MICHIGAN CHAPTER V.—Arenaceous Slate Group. UNDER THE DIRECTION OF Economic Interest. Taylor Mine. Plumbago Creek. THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Slates. Dikes. Lake Michigamme. Northampton and Dalliba Mines. Champion. Clarksburg. Cheshire LANSING ROBERT SMITH PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS Mine. Stratigraphical Succession. Quinnesec 1895 District. Paint River. Brier Hill Company. Chicagon Lake. Iron River.. .......................................................26 Entered, according to Act of Congress in the year 1895, by GOVERNOR JOHN T. RICH. CHAPTER VI.—Mica Schist Formation. for the State of Michigan, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington. Michigamme Lake. Inversion of Strata by Folding. Staurolite Schists. Dikes. Keystone Mine. L’Anse Slates. Lower Michigamme River. Crystal Falls. Contents Paint River. Brule River. Commonwealth Group. Gogebic Lake..............................................................33 CHAPTER I.—Introduction. CHAPTER VII.—Keweenaw Group....................................35 Use of terms, Azoic, Archean, Eozoic, Laurentian, and Huronian. Confusion. Criticisms. ........................ 3 (A) General Considerations. Basin of Lake Superior.. 35 CHAPTER II.—Granitic Group. 1. Structure of the Keweenaw Group. In General. Deposition of Huronian on Granite Base. Upheaval Its Limits. Western Sandstones. Eastern and Intrusion of Granite. Origin of Diorite. Syenite. Sandstones the Equivalent of the Potsdam. Diabase Belts and Dikes. Granite Dikes. Contacts. Persistency of Beds. Thickness of the Formation. Dip. Amygdaloids. ........................ 37 Recemented Granite. Gogogashung River................. 4 CHAPTER III.—Dioritic Group. 2. South Side of Portage Lake. Isle Royale Mine. Original Diorites Distinguished from Diabases. Portage Mine. Montezuma Mine. Huron Creek. Microscopic Characters. Gabbro. Hornblendic and Atlantic Mine. Congomerate Belts................... 39 Augitic Rocks. Analogy of Huronian in Gogebic and 3. North side of Portage Lake. Douglass, Concord Marquette Districts.. ..................................................... 7 and Arcadian Mines. North Star Conglomerate. CHAPTER IV.—Iron Ore Group......................................... 10 Houghton Conglomerate. Franklin, Quincy and Pewabic Mines. Hancock Mine. Swede (A) Marquette Region. Creek................................................................ 41 Subdivision of Iron Ore Group. Dislocations. Kloman Location. Winslow Mine. Standard Mining 4. Northern Part of Keweenaw Point. Hungarian Company. Cannon and Erie Mines. Chippeway and Douglass Houghton Creeks. Allouez Mining Company. Magnetic Mine. Wolframate of Conglomerate. Albany and Boston Mine. lime (Scheelite). Staurolite. Age of Ore Deposits. Osceola Mine. Tamarack Shaft. Beds East of Michigamme and Spurr Mines. Stratigraphical Calumet and Hecla Lode. Calumet and Hecla Relations. Chloritoid. Washington, Edwards and Conglomerate. Kearsarge Amygdaloid. Allouez Champion Mines.. .................................................. 10 Mine. Ahmeek Mine. Fissure Veins. Cliff Mine. (B) Menominee Region................................................ 15 Eagle River Section. Copper Falls Mine. Phœnix Mine. Central Mine. Delaware Mine. Volume V. Part I. Upper Peninsula; Iron and Copper Regions – Page 1 of 67 Lac La Belle. Bohemian Mountain. Gabbro Charles E. Wright was State Geologist from May, 1885, Lower Division of Keweenaw Group. Bête to the time of his death, in March, 1888. In May of the Grise Bay. Mount Houghton. Felsite. Montreal latter year Dr. Wadsworth succeeded Mr. Wright, and River. Porphyritic Diabase. Felsites. Union continued to hold the office until May, 1893. During Dr. Bay. Keweenaw Mine. Star Mine. Clark Mine. Wadsworth's administration the Survey had its Manganese. Black Oxide of Copper................43 headquarters in the Mining School building, at Houghton, where its corps had the exclusive use of a room, and 5. Ontonagon District. Flint Steel River. Quartz unrestricted access to all departments of the school. Up Porphyry. National and Minnesota Mines. Mass to that time, except possibly during the terms of Dr. Mine. Ridge Mine. Adventure Mine. Belt Mine. Alexander Winchell, the Survey had no habitation other Forest or Victoria Mine. Windsor, Trap and than the private offices or houses of the respective State Norwich Mines. Cascade River. Porphyries. Geologists. To this want of permanent quarters is Iron River. Nonesuch Mine. Little Carp River. doubtless due the fact, that, in times past the collections Carp Lake Mine. Cuyahoga Mine. Union River. of the Survey and much of its property have been Nonesuch Group. Iron River. Youngest dispersed or lost. Deposits of Keweenaw Group. Discordance...59 In the absence of a suite of rock samples that illustrate 6. Gogebic Lake.....................................................66 the geological formations of the State, many of them its economic products, each incoming State Geologist must collect anew, and, in the absence of records and field PREFATORY HISTORICAL NOTE. notes, must inform himself by personal inspection in the The last published report of the Michigan Geological field, or through his assistants, what are the relations of Survey, in the series of which the following pages the rocks and their geological significance. In a territory constitute Volume V, was written by Dr. Carl Rominger, like that of northern Michigan, vast, in many places at that time State Geologist, and was published in 1882. difficult of access, and of a complex geological structure, It described work done and observations made by Dr. the acquisition of this knowledge must and does take a Rominger in the iron region of the upper peninsula, west number of years, especially when we consider the and south of Marquette. shortness of the field season, and the limited means applicable to the work. In view of these facts, it should The first part of the present volume, also written by Dr. not be a matter of surprise that the resignation of one Rominger, beside covering work done in the iron region State Geologist and the death of another have retarded in 1881 and 1882, also includes observations made in the fruition of labors, which, at least during the the copper region in the following year or years. The administrations of Rominger and Wright, were largely manuscript of this report was in the possession of the personal. Of rock samples collected by the Survey Board of Geological Survey at the time when Dr. previously to Mr. Wright's time, none appear to have Rominger's successor, the late Charles E. Wright, was been handed down to Mr. Wright. Mr. Wright, in three appointed State Geologist, in May, 1885.* seasons of field work, during which he spent probably Accompanying this report is a small map of the western more than half the season between May and November part of the upper peninsula, copied from a map in the field, gathered some 3,300 specimens of rocks, published with Vol. I of the series. Although defective in which, together with others contributed by the Hon. John several minor details, which could not well be corrected M. Longyear and other parties representing large land without making an entirely new map, from independent interests in the upper peninsula, formed the nucleus of data, it will serve the purpose for which it is intended, to our present collection. Notes of surveys made by these help the reader orient himself in connection with the parties were also placed at the disposal of the Survey descriptions in the text. and copied into its records; a number of maps and sketches were, in whole or in part, completed by Mr. The second part of the present volume is a paper by Dr. Wright, to illustrate respectively the topography of the A. C. Lane, on deep borings in the lower peninsula, and country and its geological phenomena, and descriptions is based on work done by the late Mr. Wright. As stated of about two hundred thin sections, made from rocks in in my letter of transmittal, this paper was practically the collection, were written by him. In the lower completed during the administration of my immediate peninsula Mr. Wright visited salt wells, and by the aid of predecessor, Dr. M. E. Wadsworth, and in its original the information gathered there, prepared some sixty