Breastfeeding • Kingsley Emwinyore Agho and Benjamin John Wheeler Breastfeeding Short and Long-Term Benefits to Baby and Mother Edited by Kingsley Emwinyore Agho and Benjamin John Wheeler Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients Breastfeeding Breastfeeding: Short and Long-Term Benefits to Baby and Mother Special Issue Editors Kingsley Emwinyore Agho Benjamin John Wheeler MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Kingsley Emwinyore Agho Benjamin John Wheeler Western Sydney University University of Otago Australia New Zealand Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special issues/ breastfeeding baby mother). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-921-9 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-922-6 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... ix Preface to ”Breastfeeding: Short and Long-Term Benefits to Baby and Mother” ......... xi Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Osuagwu Levi Uchechukwu, Garry John Stevens, Wadad Kathy Tannous, Catharine Fleming, Felix Akpojene Ogbo and Global Maternal and Child Health Research collaboration (GloMACH) Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Associated Factors in 13 “Economic Community of West African States” (ECOWAS) Countries Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 3007, doi:10.3390/nu11123007 .................. 1 Jessica P. Riedstra and Nicki L. Aubuchon-Endsley A Moderated Mediation Model of Maternal Perinatal Stress, Anxiety, Infant Perceptions and Breastfeeding Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2981, doi:10.3390/nu11122981 .................. 19 Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Adi Fish and Laura M. Glynn Human Milk Omega-3 Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Infant Temperament Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2964, doi:10.3390/nu11122964 .................. 33 Hanne Kronborg and Michael Væth Validation of the Breastfeeding Score—A Simple Screening Tool to Predict Breastfeeding Duration Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2852, doi:10.3390/nu11122852 .................. 45 Dandara G. Haag, Lisa M. Jamieson, Joanne Hedges and Lisa G. Smithers Is There an Association between Breastfeeding and Dental Caries among Three-Year-Old Australian Aboriginal Children? Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2811, doi:10.3390/nu11112811 .................. 57 Veronika V. Odintsova, Fiona A. Hagenbeek, Matthew Suderman, Doretta Caramaschi, Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Noah A. Kallsen, Erik A. Ehli, Gareth E. Davies, Gennady T. Sukhikh, Vassilios Fanos, Caroline Relton, Meike Bartels, Dorret I. Boomsma and Jenny van Dongen DNA Methylation Signatures of Breastfeeding in Buccal Cells Collected in Mid-Childhood Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2804, doi:10.3390/nu11112804 .................. 69 Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Garry John Stevens, Wadad Kathy Tannous, Osuagwu Levi Uchechukwu, Pramesh Raj Ghimire, Kingsley Emwinyore Agho and Global Maternal and Child Health Research Collaboration (GloMACH) Factors Associated with the Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2765, doi:10.3390/nu11112765 .................. 95 Zainab Taha, Ahmed Ali Hassan, Ludmilla Wikkeling-Scott and Dimitrios Papandreou Prevalence and Associated Factors of Caesarean Section and its Impact on Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2723, doi:10.3390/nu11112723 ..................111 v Thomas Sevrin, Marie-C´ecileAlexandre-Gouabau, Blandine Castellano, Audrey Aguesse, Khadija Ouguerram, Patrick Ngyuen, Dominique Darmaun and Clair-Yves Boquien Impact of Fenugreek on Milk Production in Rodent Models of Lactation Challenge Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2571, doi:10.3390/nu11112571 ..................121 Jonneke Hollanders, Lisette R. Dijkstra, Bibian van der Voorn, Stefanie M.P. Kouwenhoven, Alyssa A. Toorop, Johannes B. van Goudoever, Joost Rotteveel and Martijn J.J. Finken No Association between Glucocorticoid Diurnal Rhythm in Breastmilk and Infant Body Composition at 3 Months Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2351, doi:10.3390/nu11102351 ..................143 Matylda Czosnykowska-Łukacka, Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz, Barbara Broers and Barbara Kr´olak-Olejnik Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2350, doi:10.3390/nu11102350 ..................153 Roser Porta, Eva Capdevila, Francesc Botet, Gemma Ginovart, Elisenda Moliner, Marta Nicol`as, Antonio Guti´errez, Jaume Ponce-Taylor and Sergio Verd Breastfeeding Disparities between Multiples and Singletons by NICU Discharge Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 2191, doi:10.3390/nu11092191 ..................165 Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Osita Kingsley Ezeh, Sarah Khanlari, Sabrina Naz, Praween Senanayake, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Anne McKenzie, Olayide Ogunsiji, Kingsley Agho, Andrew Page, Jane Ussher, Janette Perz, Bryanne Barnett AM and John Eastwood Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Cessation in the Early Postnatal Period among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Australian Mothers Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1611, doi:10.3390/nu11071611 ..................177 Camille Davisse-Paturet, Karine Adel-Patient, Amandine Divaret-Chauveau, Juliette Pierson, Sandrine Lioret, Marie Cheminat, Marie-No¨elle Dufourg, Marie-Aline Charles and Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain Breastfeeding Status and Duration and Infections, Hospitalizations for Infections, and Antibiotic Use in the First Two Years of Life in the ELFE Cohort Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1607, doi:10.3390/nu11071607 ..................193 Zoya Gridneva, Alethea Rea, Wan Jun Tie, Ching Tat Lai, Sambavi Kugananthan, Leigh C. Ward, Kevin Murray, Peter E. Hartmann and Donna T. Geddes Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Body Composition of Term Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 1472, doi:10.3390/nu11071472 ..................205 Marie-C´ecileAlexandre-Gouabau, Thomas Moyon, Agn`esDavid-Sochard, Fran¸coisFenaille, Sophie Cholet, Anne-Lise Royer, Yann Guitton, H´el`ene Billard, Dominique Darmaun, Jean-Christophe Roz´eand Clair-Yves Boquien Comprehensive Preterm Breast Milk Metabotype Associated with Optimal Infant Early Growth Pattern Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 528, doi:10.3390/nu11030528 ..................229 M. Teresa Cabezuelo, Rosa Zaragoz´a,Teresa Barber and Juan R. Vi ˜na Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation Reprinted from: Nutrients 2020, 12, 80, doi:10.3390/nu12010080 ...................255 vi Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Mary E. Wlodek and Donna T. Geddes What Evidence Do We Have for Pharmaceutical Galactagogues in the Treatment of Lactation Insufficiency?—A Narrative Review Reprinted from: Nutrients 2019, 11, 974, doi:10.3390/nu11050974 ..................273 vii About the Special Issue Editors Kingsley Emwinyore Agho, B.Sc., B.Ed., M.Sc., M.Eng., Ph.D., MPH, is a Senior Lecturer in Biostatistics at the School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia. Before joining Western Sydney University, Kingsley gained research and teaching experience from the University of Sydney and the University of Newcastle. He has over 15 years’ experience in the design and analysis of large epidemiological studies including longitudinal and cluster RCT data. Other key research interests include epidemiology, international health, and water management and engineering (one-to-one water saving program for high water users). Kingsley has over 180 peer-reviewed journal articles and has supervised 14 Ph.D. and 2 Masters research students and currently supervises 8 Ph.D. students. Benjamin John Wheeler, MBCHB, DCH, CCE, FRACP, Ph.D., is a Paediatric Endocrinologist and Paediatrician working for the University of Otago and the Southern District Health Board, New Zealand. His research focuses on access to and use of new technologies for children and young people affected by diabetes, as well as factors that impact on glycemic control in diabetes. His research interests also include vitamin D and bone health during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. He has a number of collaborations ongoing in these areas, and usually has multiple clinical trials or studies running in these areas at any one time. He is always looking for new collaborations and for new Ph.D. and other research students to join his team. ix Preface to ”Breastfeeding: Short and Long-Term Benefits to Baby and Mother” Breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding in early life. It is also one of the most cost-effective childhood survival interventions. Breastfeeding practices