FOOD SAFETY ISSUES HEARINGS BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS, RESEARCH, AND FOREIGN AGRICULTURE OF THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 19, 1992 MINOR-USE PESTICIDES, INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, AND BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES FEBRUARY 26, 1992 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTABLISHING PESTICIDE RESIDUE TOLERANCE MARCH 4, 1992 PREEMPTION OF LOCAL AUTHORITY UNDER THE FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT MARCH 11, 1992 USDA PESTICIDE PROGRAMS Serial No. 102-58 Printed for the use of the Committee on Agriculture U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 57-806 WASHINGTON : 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-039128-8 COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE E (KIKA) DE LA GARZA, Texas, Chairman WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina, TOM COLEMAN, Missouri, Vice Chairman Ranking Minority Member GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California RON MARLENEE, Montana CHARLIE ROSE, North Carolina LARRY J. HOPKINS, Kentucky GLENN ENGLISH, Oklahoma PAT ROBERTS, Kansas LEON E. PANETTA, California BILL EMERSON, Missouri JERRY HUCKABY, Louisiana SID MORRISON, Washingto:, DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas STEVE GUNDERSON, Wisconsin CHARLES W. STENHOLM, Texas TOM LEWIS, Florida HAROLD L. VOLKMER, Missouri ROBERT F. (BOB) SMITH, Oregon CHARLES HATCHER, Georgia LARRY COMBEST, Texas ROBIN TALLON, South Carolina WALLY HERGER, California HARLEY 0. STAGGERS, JR., West Virginia JAMES T. WALSH, New York JIM OLIN, Virginia DAVE CAMP, Michigan TIMOTHY J. PENNY, Minnesota WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado RICHARD H. STALLINGS, Idaho BILL BARRETT, Nebraska DAVID R. NAGLE, Iowa JIM NUSSLE, Iowa JIM JONTZ, Indiana JOHN A. BOEHNER, Ohio TIM JOHNSON, South Dakota THOMAS W. EWING, Illinois BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado MIKE ESPY, Mississippi BILL SARPALIUS, Texas JILL L. LONG, Indiana GARY CONDIT, California COLLIN C. PETERSON, Minnesota CALVIN M. DOOLEY, California MICHAEL J. KOPETSKI, Oregon PROFESSIONAL STAFF DIANNE POWELL, Staff Director VERNIE HUBERT, Chief Counsel and Legislative Director DENNIS E. LAMBERT, Minority Staff Director JAMES A. DAVIS, Press Secretary SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS, RESEARCH, AND FOREIGN AGRICULTURE CHARLIE ROSE, North Carolina, Chairman GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California, PAT ROBERTS, Kansas Vice Chairman SID MORRISON, Washington LEON E. PANETTA, California STEVE GUNDERSON, Wisconsin JIM JONTZ, Indiana WALLY HERGER, California CALVIN M. DOOLEY, California JAMES T. WALSH, New York MICHAEL J. KOPETSKI, Oregon WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado CHARLES W. STENHOLM, Texas BILL BARRETT, Nebraska HAROLD L. VOLKMER, Missouri JOHN A. BOEHNER, Ohio CHARLES HATCHER, Georgia THOMAS W. EWING, Illinois ROBIN TALLON, South Carolina BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BILL SARPALIUS, Texas JERRY HUCKABY, Louisiana DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas (I) CONTENTS FEBRUARY 19, 1992 MINOR-USE PESTICIDES, INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT, AND BIOLOGICAL PESTICIDES Page Barrett, Hon. Bill, a Representative in Congress from the State of Nebraska, prepared statem ent..................................................................................................... 12 Boehner, Hon. John A., a Representative in Congress from the State of Ohio, prepared statem ent..................................................................................................... 14 de la Garza, Hon. E (Kika), a Representative in Congress from the State of Texas, opening statem ent........................................................................................... 15 Prepared statem ent................................................................................................. 17 Herger, Hon. Wally, a Representative in Congress from the State of Califor- nia, prepared statem ent.............................................................................................. 29 Jontz, Hon. Jim, a Representative in Congress from the State of Indiana, prepared statem ent...................................................................................................... 4 Lewis, Hon. Tom, a Representative in Congress from the State of Florida, prepared statem ent...................................................................................................... 28 Panetta, Hon. Leon E., a Representative in Congress from the State of Cali- fornia, opening statem ent........................................................................................... 15 Roberts, Hon. Pat, a Representative in Congress from the State of Kansas, opening statem ent........................................................................................................ 22 Prepared statem ent................................................................................................. 24 Rose, Hon. Charlie, a Representative in Congress from the State of North Carolina, opening statem ent..................................................................................... 1 Tallon, Hon. Robin, a Representative in Congress from the State of South Carolina, prepared statem ent.................................................................................... 34 WrrNESSES Areias, Rusty, chairman, committee on agriculture, California Assembly, State of C aliforn ia ........................................................................................................ 40 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 110 Balling, Steven, S., manager, pest management programs, Del Monte Foods, and cochair, National Coalition on Integrated Pest Management..................... 68 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 187 Benbrook, Charles M., consultant, Benbrook Consulting Services......................... 36 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 78 Elworth, Larry, director, Pennsylvania apple marketing program, Pennsylva- nia apple marketing board, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, also on behalf of the New England Fruit Growers Council on the Environment ... 51 Prepared statem ent................................................................................................. 145 Mellinger, Madeline E., president, Glades Crop Care, Inc., immediate past president, National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants, and execu- tive board, American Society of Agricultural Consultants................. 63 Prepared statem ent................................................................................................. 150 Stallings, Hon. Richard H., a Representative in Congress from the State of Ida h o ............................................................................................................................... 31 Prepared statem ent................................................................................................. 76 Walgenbach, James F., assistant professor and extension entomologist, de- partment of entomology, North Carolina State University................................. 66 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 183 Weddle, Patrick W., president, Weddle, Hansen & Associates, Inc ....................... 48 (III) IV Page Weddle, Patrick W., president, Weddle, Hansen & Associates, Inc-Continued Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 135 Wells, James W., director, department of pesticide regulation, California En- vironmental Protection Agency................................................................................. 44 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 121 William, Ray D., professor and extension horticultural weed specialist, horti- culture department, Oregon State University........................................................ 70 Prepared statem ent ................................................................................................. 202 SUBMITTED MATERIAL Baker, Brian, technical program coordinator, California Certified Organic Farm ers, statem ent...................................................................................................... 215 Fore, Troy H., Jr., executive secretary, American Beekeeping Federation, Inc., statem en t....................................................................................................................... 218 Guest, Richard T., national director, IR-4 project, Rutgers University, state- m en t................................................................................................................................ 220 Nielson, Mark, president, Organic Farming Research Foundation, letter of F ebruary 26, 1992......................................................................................................... 223 Ramsdell, Scott, president, National AgriChemical Retailers Association, and owner, Ramsdell's FM Ltd., letter of March 2, 1992............................................. 234 Zalom, Frank G., and William Fry, "Biologically Intensive IPM for Vegetable Crop s " ............................................................................................................................. 236 FEBRUARY 26, 1992 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ESTABLISHING PESTICIDE RESIDUE TOLERANCE Roberts, Hon. Pat.,