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AdaCore 2017, (c) Source Code to Object Code Traceability Study (version 1.0) CONTENTS use 1 Revision history 7 of 2 Introduction 9 2.1 Context ................................................ 9 2.1.1 Compiler Identification ................................... 9 2.1.2 Compilation Options and Restrictions ........................... 9 terms 2.1.3 Link Control ........................................ 10 2.2 Strategy ................................................ 10 See 2.2.1 Source to Object Code Traceability Analysis ........................ 10 2.2.2 Additional Verifications for Untraceable Code ....................... 11 - 2.3 Structure of the Document ...................................... 12 3 Ada Features Survey 13 3.1 General ................................................ 13 3.2 Lexical Elements ........................................... 13 3.3 Declarations ............................................. 13 Example 3.3.1 Declarations ......................................... 13 3.3.2 Types and Subtypes ..................................... 13 3.3.2.1 Subtype Predicates ................................. 13 3.3.3 Objects and Named Numbers ................................ 24 3.3.4 Derived Types and Classes ................................. 24 3.3.5 Scalar Types ......................................... 24 3.3.5.1 Enumeration Types ................................ 24 AdaCore 3.3.5.2 Character Types .................................. 29 3.3.5.3 Boolean Types ................................... 31 3.3.5.4 Integer Types ................................... 32 3.3.5.5 Operations of Discrete Types ........................... 45 2017, 3.3.5.6 Real Types ..................................... 47 3.3.5.7 Floating Point Types ................................ 47 3.3.5.8 Operations of Floating Point Types ........................ 48 (c) 3.3.5.9 Fixed Point Types ................................. 49 3.3.5.10 Operations of Fixed Point Types ......................... 50 3.3.6 Array Types ......................................... 52 3.3.6.1 Index Constraints and Discrete Ranges ...................... 59 3.3.6.2 Operations of Array Types ............................ 67 3.3.6.3 String Types .................................... 69 3.3.7 Discriminants ........................................ 72 3.3.7.1 Discriminant Constraints ............................. 75 3.3.7.2 Operations of Discriminated Types ........................ 76 3.3.8 Record Types ........................................ 77 3.3.8.1 Variant Parts and Discrete Choices ........................ 84 3.3.9 Tagged Types and Type Extensions ............................. 87 3.3.9.1 Type Extensions ..................................101 TEC.PB04-045 1 of 545 3.3.9.2 Dispatching Operations of Tagged Types .....................108 3.3.9.3 Abstract Types and Subprograms .........................125 3.3.9.4 Interface Types ..................................136 3.3.10 Access Types ........................................146 3.3.10.1 Incomplete Type Declarations ...........................150 3.3.10.2 Operations of Access Types ............................151 3.3.11 Declarative Parts ......................................158 3.4 Names and Expressions .......................................158 3.4.1 Names ............................................158 3.4.1.1 Indexed Components ...............................158 3.4.1.2 Slices ........................................164 3.4.1.3 Selected Components ...............................168 3.4.1.4 Attributes .....................................170 3.4.1.5 User Defined References .............................170 3.4.1.6 User Defined Indexing ...............................175 use 3.4.2 Literals ...........................................177 3.4.3 Aggregates .........................................177 of 3.4.3.1 Record Aggregates ................................177 3.4.3.2 Extension Aggregates ...............................189 3.4.3.3 Array Aggregates .................................192 3.4.4 Expressions .........................................198 terms 3.4.5 Operators and Expression Evaluation ............................198 3.4.5.1 Logical Operators and Short ............................198 3.4.5.2 Relational Operators and Membership Tests ...................201 See 3.4.5.3 Binary Adding Operators .............................211 - 3.4.5.4 Unary Adding Operators .............................212 3.4.5.5 Multiplying Operators ...............................213 3.4.5.6 Highest Precedence Operators ...........................217 3.4.5.7 Conditional Expressions ..............................219 3.4.5.8 Quantified Expressions ..............................227 3.4.6 Type Conversions ......................................232 3.4.7 Qualified Expressions ....................................244 Example 3.4.8 Allocators ..........................................252 3.4.9 Static Expressions and Static Subtypes ...........................264 3.5 Statements ..............................................264 3.5.1 Simple and Compound Statements .............................264 3.5.2 Assignment Statements ...................................264 3.5.3 If Statements ........................................276 3.5.4 Case Statements .......................................278 AdaCore 3.5.5 Loop Statements ......................................284 3.5.5.1 User Defined Iterator Types ............................290 3.5.5.2 Generalized Loop Iteration ............................290 3.5.6 Block Statements ......................................293 2017, 3.5.7 Exit Statements .......................................294 3.5.8 Goto Statements .......................................295 (c) 3.6 Subprograms .............................................295 3.6.1 Subprogram Declarations ..................................295 3.6.1.1 Preconditions and Postconditions .........................301 3.6.2 Formal Parameter Modes ..................................305 3.6.3 Subprogram Bodies .....................................305 3.6.3.1 Conformance Rules ................................315 3.6.3.2 Inline Expansion of Subprograms .........................315 3.6.4 Subprogram Calls ......................................316 3.6.4.1 Parameter Associations ..............................321 3.6.5 Return Statements ......................................322 3.6.6 Overloading of Operators ..................................325 3.6.7 Null Procedures .......................................325 3.6.8 Expression Functions ....................................329 3.7 Packages ...............................................332 3.7.1 Package Specifications and Declarations ..........................332 3.7.2 Package Bodies .......................................333 3.7.3 Private Types and Private Extensions ............................334 3.7.3.1 Private Operations .................................335 3.7.3.2 Type Invariants ..................................336 3.7.4 Deferred Constants .....................................343 3.7.5 Limited Types ........................................344 3.7.6 User-Defined Assignment and Finalization .........................345 3.8 Visibility Rules ............................................345 3.8.1 Declarative Region .....................................345 3.8.2 Scope of Declarations ....................................345 3.8.3 Visibility ..........................................345 3.8.4 Use Clauses .........................................345 3.8.5 Renaming Declarations ...................................347 use 3.8.5.1 Object Renaming Declarations ..........................347 3.8.5.2 Exception Renaming Declarations ........................348 of 3.8.5.3 Package Renaming Declarations .........................349 3.8.5.4 Subprogram Renaming Declarations .......................350 3.8.5.5 Generic Renaming Declarations ..........................352 3.8.6 The Context of Overload Resolution ............................355 terms 3.9 Tasks and Synchronization ......................................355 3.10 Program Structure and Compilation Issues .............................355 3.10.1 Separate Compilation ....................................355 See 3.10.1.1 Compilation Units .................................355 - 3.10.1.2 Context Clauses ..................................356 3.10.1.3 Subunits of Compilation