BILBAO, TRANSFORMATION AND URBAN REGENERATION: A city to imitate? Main keys of urban regeneration in an old industrial region 0.Introduction Foreword WHAT HAS IT HAPPENED? SOME AWARDS OBTAINED BY BILBAO SINCE 2000 : (40 DISTINCTIONS) 2000/01 – UE. Cleaning innovation and waste managing 2004 – “CITTÀ D´ACQUA” AWARD 2004 – VENICE, BIENNIAL OF ARCHITECTURE – Regeneration of the river´s banks award. 2004 – EUROPEAN BOARD OF URBANISM AWARD 2005- ISOCARP AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE 2005 – ITALIAN SECTION OF MUNICIPALITIES AND EUROPEAN REGIONS COMMITTEE – Supporting strategies to culture 2009 – EUROPEAN MONITOR OF GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS AWARD 2010 – SINGAPUR CITY-STATE AND SWEEDEN NOBEL ACADEMY 2010- EXPO SHANGAI 2011 – AWARD TO BEST EUROPEAN CARGO TRANSPORT PROJECT 2011- UN/PNUMA: DISTINCTION LIV-COM AWARD BILBAO´S EFFECT? Myth or Reality. Some bibliographic references • Anderson, Gordon T., 2004, The Milwaukee Effect in FORTUNE Review • Bailey, Martin, 2002, The Bilbao Effect, FORBES Review • Baniotopoulou, Evdoxia, 2001, Art for Whose Sake? Modern Art Museums and their Role in Transforming Societies: The Case of the Guggenheim Bilbao • Ceballos González, Sara, The role of the Guggenheim Museum in the development of urban entrepreneurial practices in Bilbao • Echenique, Flowerdew, Hunt, Mayo, Skidmore & D. C. Simmonds, 2007, The MEPLAN models of Bilbao, Leeds and Dortmund. • Giovannini, Joseph, 2001, The Bilbao effect. Moving beyond national borders, city- states are emerging on the global map, powered by world-class architecture. • Gospodini, Aspa, 2004, Urban morphology and place identity in European cities: built heritage and innovative design. The case of Bilbao, in Urban Design. • Plaza, B., Tironi, Manuel & Haarich, Silke, 2006, Bilbao's Art Scene and the “Guggenheim effect” Revisited • Quiabg, Dou, 2003, BILBAO EFFECT One building brings regeneration of a city BILBAO EFFECT One building brings regeneration of a city • Siemiatycki, Matti, 2005, Beyond moving people: excavating the motivations for investing in urban public transit infrastructure in Bilbao Spain, in European Planning Studies. • …/… I. BMA. Location and Description The Geographical Context of the Process BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA: GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION SOME GEOGRAPHICAL DATA A GENERAL VIEW BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA: COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS Extensión MUNICIPIOS Población Densidad /Km2 BILBAO 353.296 41 8.552 Barakaldo 99.074 29 3.371 Getxo 80.418 12 6.763 Portugalete 47.739 3 14.872 Santurtzi 46.810 7 6.547 Basauri 42.542 7 6.069 Leioa 30.165 9 3.540 Galdakao 29.194 32 922 Sestao 28.970 4 8.184 Erandio 24.185 18 1.346 Trapagaran 12.262 13 938 Arrigorriaga 12.183 16 752 Abanto Zierbena 9.722 18 539 Etxebarri 9.644 3 2.958 The BMA is an urban continuum of 26 municipalities: Ortuella 8.408 8 1.088 • Total population of urban metropolitan area reaches 874.000 Muskiz 7.287 21 351 Berango 6.790 9 766 inhabitants (2010) 2 Derio 5.751 7 777 • The overall surface is 370 kms . Sondika 4.473 6 710 • High density. In some municipalities the density reaches 14.000 Zamudio 3.188 18 176 inhabitants/km2 (Portugalete) provoking hard problems to solve for Alonsotegi 2.838 16 177 urban planners (no physical space for cars) Lezama 2.472 17 149 • A structural feature of BMA is the lack of urban land for new Loiu 2.447 16 157 developments. All urban land is practically occupied, just the Larrabetzu 1.919 21 90 opportunity coming from ancient urban renovation projects may allow Zaratamo 1.720 10 172 new projects. These have to be done outside of metropolitan area Zierbena 1.382 9 151 • The opportunity created as consequence of the lockout provided the AMB 874.879 370 2.364 necessary land to undertake new projects BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA: DEMOGRAPHICAL TRENDS YEAR POPULATION ∆ AGI % 1981 936.848 - 1986 926.949 -0,21 1991 905.468 -0,47 1996 887.977 -0,39 2001 865.799 -0,51 2006 867.777 0,05 2010 874.879 0,16 AGI = Annual Growth Index Source: EUSTAT BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA: ACTIVITY & UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Unemployment rate has come down 1996-2006 Deep transformation of from the end of 80´s, but right now has the BMA´s productive structure increased up to 15% (Spain 25%) 35 BMA. Evolution of unemployment rate SECTORES DE ACTIVIDAD 1996 2001 2006 30 Agriculture, crop and hunting 0,3 0,4 0,3 Fishing, aquaculture 0,1 0,1 0,1 Mining and quarrying 0,1 0,1 0,1 25 Manufacturing 25,3 19,2 16,5 Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation 1,6 1,1 0,6 activities 20 Construction 7,0 9,8 10,7 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 13,7 15,1 16,4 % motorcycles Accommodation and food service activities 4,9 5,4 6,0 15 Transportation and storage 7,8 7,9 6,3 Financial and insurance activities 3,9 3,3 3,1 Real estate activities 9,1 10,8 15,0 10 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 7,6 6,5 4,9 Education 7,4 7,2 6,1 Human health and social work activities 6,8 7,5 7,8 5 Other service activities 3,6 3,5 4,5 Activities of households as employers 0,7 2,3 1,7 0 Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies 0,0 0,0 0,0 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 Gran Bilbao 100 100 100 Margen Derecha 25,6 23,5 25 21,5 18 16,5 8,9 12,4 13 6,3 2,4 4,2 6,4 12,2 Bilbao 28,9 25,9 26,2 25,6 20,7 19,5 13,1 10,2 10,8 7,2 4,8 4,9 9,5 11 Margen izquierda 32 30,1 29,3 25,9 20,3 18,6 9 10,1 11,6 7,3 4,5 3,8 10,6 8,6 BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA: Land for Economic Activities and Rent No urban land for new Maintenance of purchasing economic activities power Land classified by Territorial Planning SUITABLE to host new economic activities (in a 8 years term) 50.000 € Private Public BMA. YEARLY INCOME (ON AVERAGE) MUNICIPIO TOTAL (Há) Developers(Há Developers(Há s) s) Abanto-Zierbena 83 25 58 Alonsotegi 0 0 0 40.000 € Barakaldo 0 0 0 Muskiz 0 0 0 Ortuella 54 12 42 Portugalete 0 0 0 30.000 € Santurtzi 0 0 0 Sestao 0 0 0 Trapagaran 0 0 0 Zierbena 0 0 0 MARGEN IZQUIERDA 137 37 100 20.000 € BILBAO 0 0 0 Derio 15 0 15 Erandio 22 22 0 Larrabetzu 0 0 0 Lezama 77 0 77 10.000 € Loiu 49 49 0 Sondika 0 0 0 Berango 7 7 0 Getxo 12 0 12 Leioa 14 14 0 0 € Zamudio 48 26 22 2001 2003 2006 MARGEN DERECHA 244 118 126 Familiar Rent 29.519 € 32.186 € 39.181 € Arrigorriaga 0 0 0 Personal Rent 12.383 € 13.416 € 17.519 € Basauri 0 0 0 Etxebarri 0 0 0 Galdakao 2 2 0 Zaratamo 0 0 0 BAJO NERVION 2 2 0 BILBAO METROPOLITAN AREA 383 157 226 II. The Landscape of Urban Regeneration Process The economic crisis in 80´s really became in an urban crisis 90´s. THE AIM OF METROPOLITAN REGENERATION PROCESS: The Generalized Crisis of the Basque Industrial Model • Formerly the Urban land of city center had • Crisis of the industrial production mode affecting of majority been occupied by old exhausted mines and metropolitan municipalities • Generalized lock out of steel and shipbuilding factories it was totally necessary a wasting • Urban crisis management policy 90´s. THE AIM OF METROPOLITAN REGENERATION PROCESS . An important part of city center occupied by the remains of the old steel factories and cargo rail infrastructures In the late of 90´s, a view of the remains of Santa Ana steel factory sited in one of the A view of the old cargo rail useless most populated neighborhoods infrastructures in the city center 90´s. THE AIM OF METROPOLITAN REGENERATION PROCESS. The Environmental Regeneration: Special Planning for the Integral Recovery of the River (1980-2000) 1979 2003 1976 2006 90´s. THE AIM OF METROPOLITAN REGENERATION PROCESS: RECOVERING OF DEGRADED SPACES 1979 2003 III. Managing the Strategic Plan General scheme of the model of management Managing The Strategic Plan: Some Elements (I) 1. AGENTS: 2. THE OWNERS 3. LIMITS: 4. •PUBLIC •85 % PUBLIC •No Investments 0PPORTUNITIES: •15% PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION •Pollution • Autonomy •PRIVATE OWNERS •Legal • Financial fragmentation •DEVELOPPERS instruments •BILBAO RIA 2000 •No public investments . • Institutional •BILBAO Commitment METROPOLI 30 • Supporting committed sectors Managing The Strategic Plan: the Agents - Developers BILBAO To act as a private development agency BILBAO To take forward the Strategic Plan ACTIVITY METROPOLI ACTIVITY RIA 30 To serve as a Forum for citizen 2000 participation To project and sell the image of Bilbao in a global world Public CHARACTER To coordinate to different actors of the civil society Participated by different Administration levels Semi public and private CHARACTER As private firm. Committee Board to adopt decisions MANAGING More than 120 entities (non Unanimity in decision making of the lucrative and lucrative) Committee Board participated in the seminars and work groups Balanced representation Managerial FUNCTIONING Promote new developments Creation of Work Groups Selling the urban land to private developers FUNCTIONING Reinvesting surplus for financing new projects Establishing comittments between Leasing of urban land done by public private and public sectors RESOURCES administration and private owners Selecting the priorities in terms of estrategic plannin Managing the Strategic Plan: Methodology IMPORTANCE PRIME MOVER EFFECT METHODOLOGY USED IN THE SELECTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROJECTS VIABILITY OPPORTUNITY Managing the Strategic Plan: Prime Movers Axis INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES SERVICE METROPOLIS IN A MODERN INDUSTRIAL REGION MOBILITY ABD ACCESIBILITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGENERATION URBAN REGENERATION CULTURAL CENTRALITY COORDINATED MANAGEMENT BY THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PRIVATE SECTOR SOCIAL ACTION IV.