PREFACE The project ‘Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart City’ is an academic exercise that has been undertaken by the 2nd Semester students of Masters of Planning (Urban Planning), School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi. This studio exercise provides the students with exposure to various aspects of planning and the issues and potentials in each field. The academic exercise took place on 1st February, 2015 where students were divided into 7 groups to study. The report encompasses different aspects that are studied to analyze and develop strategies for the each aspects that form an essential part of the planning process. The different aspects which are covered for the preparation of the plan include Regional Setting of Ujjain, People & Economy, Spatial Development, Physical Infrastructure, Social Infrastructure, Environment, Governance. Primary and Secondary data were collected in Ujjain during two weeks study tour in the city. The report exhibits a detailed study of the existing scenario in Ujjain, to develop strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. The data collection stage where in data was collected from primary and secondary sources included the two week long field trip to Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh and extensive research work prior to and after the study trip. A reconnaissance study of the city provided the students with a broad view of the city. The two week long study trip included land-use surveys, household surveys. Infrastructure, Trade and Commerce, Industries, Tourism of the city were studied. This report consolidates the findings and analysis that has been done from February 2015. The findings of the study serve as a high-level strategic outline of plans addressing key issues and potentials of the city. The report has been categorized by three phases of the exercise- analysis, issues and potentials and the strategies stage. The strategies for the Development of Ujjain as a Smart City have been given on the basis of the trend based potential growth. Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is our pleasure in preparing and submitting the Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart City. We offer our sincere thanks to the Coordinating Department of Urban Planning SPA, Delhi and the Head of Department (UP) Professor Dr. Sanjukta Bhaduri for giving us this opportunity in 2nd semester of Masters in Urban Planning. We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to Coordinators M.Palaniappan, Assistant Professor Chidambara and Assistant Professor Nilanjana Dasgupta Sur for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the semester. We would also like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all the faculties Prof. Kavas Kapadia, Prof. H B Singh, Sh B C Dutta, Sh Ved Mittal, Sh Suptendu Biswas, Prof. B Mishra, Ms. Alpana Bose, Sh. B K Kapoor, Sh S C Gupta, who have given their full effort in guiding the team in achieving the goal as well as their encouragement to maintain our progress in track. We are extremely thankful to those who helped in facilitating the survey and providing information. In this context we wish to thank the District Commissioner Avinash Lavania, Assistant Commissioner Balkrishna Sharma, Ujjain; Ujjain Municipality and its staff; and all officials from Ujjain District for providing information and data as per our requirements. Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. The Studio Team 1. Aditi Singh 2. Amrit James Tete 3. Aravind Viswanathan 4. Ashish Kumar Singh 5. Debraj Chakraborty 6. Devleena Dutta 7. Gungun 8. Kanad Pankaj 9. Kiniholi Kinimi 10. Latika Binwani 11. Lucy Kumari 12. Mohammad Shamsad 13. Nandita Singh 14. Nikhil Kumar 15. Nita Johnson Tessy 16. Priyadarshika Das 17. Priyanka Rajani 18. Puduchari Yashwanth Kumar 19. R. Sairam 20. Ruby Moun 21. Saadia Siddiqui 22. Sakshi Gupta 23. Samya Halder Cover Design 24. Somajyoti Das 25. Sumit Gehani R. Sairam 26. Suprita Biswas Map Editors 27. Supritha M.Y. Amrit James Tete 28. Swati Report Editors 29. Vaibhav Kush Priyadarshika Das 30. Vivekanada Biswas Saadia Siddiqui 31. Yashaswini R.M. Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. Executive Summary India has been urbanizing steadily. It is projected by Ministry of Urban Development (2015) that by year 2030 the 75% of contribution in the country's GDP shall commence from urban areas. McKinsey Report on urbanization in year 2010 had highlighted that 70% of jobs shall be created in urban areas, resulting in huge increase of population which if not managed well shall put immense strain on infrastructure. Over these years the government has taken measures to tackle this problem, as explicated in the 12th Five Year Plan. In year 2014 development of 100 smart cities was spearheaded. The cities that have to be developed smart should either be centre for innovation, investment, should have had renewal, or have traditional identity. Ujjain qualifies to be a smart city. Thus the purpose of this project is to develop strategies to make Ujjain as smart city. Ujjain is a pilgrim centre. It is the only city where Kumbh Mela occurs once in 12 years (which is also known as Simhast). It is a city that has both historical and mythological significance and dates back to Pre-Mauryan period. This current population of the city is 5.1 lakh and it is the most important city in Malwa region after Indore. It has myriad places of tourist attraction, with Mahakaleshwar temple in centricity. Vikram University, Jantar Mantar are other places of attraction. The city has a comfortable climate, burgeoning cash cropping industry, and is well connected to nearby areas. In the context of smart cities, the aspect of spatial development tries to bring the various factors related to land and its efficient usage (two- dimensional aspects), factors related to spaces (three- dimensional aspects) and the various stakeholders involved with these under a single umbrella. While factors such as land use compatibility, conformity to standards, land availability, issues related to density, accessibility to facilities, land required for housing, transportation, green areas, riverfront etc. form the two dimensional aspects. Factors such as urban design principles, quality of public spaces, built form character, heritage and conservation related concerns etc. form the three- dimensional aspects. Ujjain being a predominantly a religious heritage city, the analysis of the city was carried out on the basis of three major criterion- Spatial indicators (nodes, network, area and built form), activity (work- place of residence relationship, city- river relationship) and Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. stakeholders (local community, government authorities etc.). The city was analysed further analysed based on density, work- place of residence relationship, development pattern of the city and heritage precincts to derive the various zones for further analysis. Smart parameters (compactness, land use, heritage based planning and governance) for spatial development were identified. The various zone level, neighbourhood level and city level issues were identified based on the in depth analysis of the identified zones based on the smart parameters. A review of the status of Ujjain pertaining to the smart parameters helped in identifying the potentials of various parts of the city and thereby in identifying the proposals to improve the status. The study addresses the social and economic aspects of the city of Ujjain. It encompasses the relation between citizens and the economy, and shows how this relation can be strengthened to make Ujjain SMART. The characteristics of the people who are vulnerable is the focus. The various economic sectors that are present (primary, secondary and tertiary) , are brought down to each and every strata of the society to improve their standard of living. By addressing to the variety of the stakeholders, the study reveals how inclusivity can be inculcated in city planning. There are many agencies that are working in the city to help people in improving their quality of life. Stake holders mainly include senior citizens, people with special needs, slum dwellers, women and children, entrepreneurs. These people should participate in decision making process to live in the city in the way they want. The detail analysis of the city is being done and the issues are being addressed through strategies and proposals. The aim of the study includes assessment of the existing mobility facilities to identify the demand gaps and issues and make development strategies in order to make Ujjain a smart city. Traffic and Transportation is a very crucial aspect associated with every city, town or any settlement. The basic form, settlement pattern, activity areas are very intricately connected to this aspect, thus making a vital part of any development strategy that looks at the spatial and economic development of that settlement. Moreover, for a city like Ujjain, traffic and transportation management becomes a key component as the city caters to an exponentially large floating population during Simhasth and other special events that are celebrated in the city. The city of Ujjain is shaped by geographical factors river Shipra, Mela ground and the Railway and has developed into two parts: old city having Mahakaal temple and the newly developed area. The pressure Development Strategies for Ujjain as a Smart city. on core area is high due to several factors including high density of population and the violation of the bye-laws. In course of the study of the Mobility aspects, the mobility zones were derived on the basis of the performance of the city based of the various smart indicators. Each zone was found to have some specific mobility issues and they have been dealt with separately. The overall mobility concerns have been addressed in the City-wide proposals for Mobility. The city is well connected to nearby cities and districts through State Highways and other district roads.