Technical Support Document for the 2008 Effluent Guidelines Program Plan © 2008 The Omaha World-Herald. August 2008 EPA-821-R-08-015 Photograph of pills in a box, center top, is reprinted with permission from The Omaha World-Herald, copyright 2008. CONTENTS Page PART I: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................I 1.0 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 EPA’s Clean Water Act Program ........................................................................1-1 1.2 Background on the Effluent Guidelines Program................................................1-1 1.3 What Are Effluent Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards?...............................1-2 1.3.1 Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available (BPT) — CWA Sections 301(b)(1)(A) and 304(b)(1).............................................1-3 1.3.2 Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT) — CWA Sections 301(b)(2)(E) and 304(b)(4) .......................................................1-4 1.3.3 Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) — CWA Sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2).......................................................1-4 1.3.4 New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) — CWA Section 306 .......1-4 1.3.5 Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources (PSES) — CWA Section 307(b).......................................................................................................1-4 1.3.6 Pretreatment Standards for New Sources (PSNS) — CWA Section 307(c) .......................................................................................................1-5 1.4 Success of EPA’s Effluent Guidelines Program..................................................1-5 1.5 What Are EPA’s Effluent Guidelines Planning and Review Requirements?......1-5 1.6 Background References .......................................................................................1-6 2.0 PUBLIC COMMENTS ON THE FINAL EFFLUENT GUIDELINES PROGRAM PLAN FOR 2006 AND PRELIMINARY EFFLUENT GUIDELINES PROGRAM PLAN FOR 2008 ............................2-1 3.0 THE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES PLANNING PROCESS .............................................................3-1 3.1 Goals of the ELG Planning Process.....................................................................3-1 3.2 Annual Review of Existing Effluent Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards ....3-1 3.2.1 Factors Considered in Review of Existing Effluent Guidelines and Pretreatment Standards ............................................................................3-1 3.2.2 Overview: Review of Existing Point Source Categories .........................3-5 3.3 Identification of New Categories of Direct Dischargers for Possible Effluent Guidelines Development......................................................................................3-7 3.4 Identification of New Categories of Indirect Dischargers for Possible Effluent Guidelines Development......................................................................................3-8 3.5 Stakeholder Involvement and Schedule...............................................................3-8 3.6 The Effluent Guidelines Planning Process References........................................3-9 4.0 METHODOLOGY, DATA SOURCES, AND LIMITATIONS .......................................................4-1 4.1 Data Sources and Limitations ..............................................................................4-1 4.1.1 SIC Codes ................................................................................................4-2 4.1.2 Toxic Weighting Factors..........................................................................4-3 4.1.3 Calculation of TWPE...............................................................................4-4 4.1.4 Data from TRI..........................................................................................4-4 4.1.5 Data from PCS .........................................................................................4-6 i CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4.2 Methodology Corrections Affecting Both Screening-Level Review Databases .4-9 4.3 Corrections to the TRIReleases2004 Database ....................................................4-9 4.4 Corrections to the PCSLoads2004 Database .......................................................4-9 4.5 Corrections to the TRIReleases2005 Database ....................................................4-9 4.5.1 TRIReleases2005: Categorization of Discharges ....................................4-9 4.5.2 TRIReleases2005: Pollutant Corrections...............................................4-11 4.5.3 TRIReleases2005: Data Quality Review ...............................................4-12 4.5.4 TRIReleases2005: Facility Reviews......................................................4-13 4.6 TRIReleases2004 and TRIReleases2005 Rankings and PCSLoads2004 Rankings ............................................................................................................4-13 4.7 Methodology, Data Sources, and Limitations References.................................4-17 PART II: RESULTS OF THE 2008 ANNUAL REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES WITH EXISTING ELGS ...................................................................................................................................II 5.0 2008 ANNUAL REVIEW OF EXISTING EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS AND RANKING OF POINT SOURCE CATEGORIES ............................................5-1 5.1 Summary of the Results from the 2007 Annual Review .....................................5-1 5.2 Results of the 2008 Screening-Level Review......................................................5-1 5.2.1 Facilities for Which EPA Is Currently Developing or Revising ELGs ...5-2 5.2.2 Categories for Which EPA Recently Promulgated or Revised ELGs .....5-2 5.2.3 Categories with One Facility Dominating the TWPE..............................5-3 5.2.4 Results of the 2008 Screening-Level Review..........................................5-5 5.3 Prioritization of Categories for the 2008 Annual Review ...................................5-5 5.3.1 Detailed Study of Existing ELGs...........................................................5-11 5.3.2 Preliminary Review ...............................................................................5-11 5.4 2008 Annual Review of Existing Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards and Ranking of Point Source Categories References........................5-13 6.0 CENTRALIZED WASTE TREATMENT (40 CFR PART 437) ..................................................6-1 6.1 CWT Category Background ................................................................................6-1 6.1.1 CWT Industry Profile ..............................................................................6-1 6.1.2 40 CFR Part 437.......................................................................................6-2 6.2 CWT Category 2004 Through 2008 Screening-Level Reviews..........................6-3 6.3 CWT Category 2004 through 2008 Pollutants of Concern..................................6-4 6.4 CWT Category Pesticide Discharges...................................................................6-4 6.4.1 Pesticide Discharges for Vopak Logistics Services — Deer Park, TX ...6-8 6.4.2 Pesticides Discharges for DuPont Chambers Works — Deepwater, NJ .6-8 6.5 CWT Category Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Discharges..........................6-10 6.6 CWT Category Conclusions ..............................................................................6-11 6.7 CWT Category References ................................................................................6-12 ii CONTENTS (Continued) Page 7.0 ORGANIC CHEMICALS PLASTICS AND SYNTHETIC FIBERS (40 CFR PART 414).................7-1 7.1 OCPSF Category Background .............................................................................7-1 7.1.1 OCPSF Industry Profile ...........................................................................7-1 7.1.2 40 CFR Part 414.......................................................................................7-4 7.2 OCPSF Category 2004 Through 2008 Screening-Level Reviews.......................7-5 7.3 OCPSF Category 2004 Through 2008 Pollutants of Concern.............................7-5 7.4 OCPSF Category Dioxin and Dioxin-Like Discharges in TRI............................7-8 7.5 OCPSF Category Hexachlorobenzene Discharges in TRI and PCS..................7-12 7.6 OCPSF Category Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Discharges in TRI...........7-14 7.7 OCPSF Category Aluminum Discharges in PCS ..............................................7-15 7.8 OCPSF Category Benzidine Discharges in PCS ...............................................7-16 7.9 OCPSF Category Conclusions...........................................................................7-17 7.10 OCPSF Category References.............................................................................7-18 8.0 ORE MINING AND DRESSING (40 CFR PART 440).............................................................8-1 8.1 Ore Mining Category Background.......................................................................8-1 8.1.1 Ore Mining Industry Profile.....................................................................8-1 8.1.2 40 CFR Part 440.......................................................................................8-4 8.2 Ore Mining Category