URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM- DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey BARIŞ SEYHAN DOCTORAL THESIS 2019 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan Barış Seyhan Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey DOCTORAL THESIS Supervised by Prof. Antonio Russo Department of Tourism and Geography Research Group on Territorial Analysis and Tourism Studies (GRATET) Vila-seca 2019 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan FAIG CONSTAR que aquest treball, titulat “Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey”, que presenta Barış Seyhan per a l’obtenció del títol de Doctor, ha estat realitzat sota la meva direcció en el marc del Programa de Doctorat en Turisme i Oci d’aquesta universitat. HAGO CONSTAR que el presente trabajo, titulado “Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey”, que presenta Barış Seyhan para la obtención del título de Doctor, ha sido realizado bajo mi dirección en el Programa de Doctorado en Turismo y Ocio de esta universidad. I STATE that the present study, entitled “Urbanization Pressures in Protected Heritage Sites and Tourism-Driven Landscape Change: A Case Study of Olympos, Turkey”, presented by Barış Seyhan for the award of the degree of Doctor, has been carried out under my supervision at Doctoral Programme in Tourism and Leisure of this university. Antonio Russo . Firmado digitalmente por Antonio Russo . - - DNI DNI X5556402Q (AUT) X5556402Q Fecha: 2019.12.04 (AUT) 09:06:01 +01'00' Vila-seca, 04 de Desembre de 2019/ Vila-seca, 04 de Diciembre de 2019/ Vila-seca, 04 December 2019 Dr. Antonio Russo UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan If l could, l would add a lesson named “why human should not exploit human” into school curricula all over the world. İsmail Hakkı Tonguç …human and nature as well. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan Acknowledgments I wish to thank all the people whose assistance was a milestone in the completion of this dissertation. In the first place, without the supervision of Prof. Antonio Paolo Russo, this thesis would never have been realized. I wish to express my sincere appreciation for his patience, encouragement, the effort and time spent for me in his busy schedule. I have received his support and guidance whenever I need and no matter how far l am. During the years that we have spent together, l could find opportunity to benefit from his extensive knowledge about not only academic but also a diverse range of subjects from philosophy to music. Another person that I feel deeply wish to acknowledge is Ass. Prof. İnci Oya Coşkun (Anadolu University). I have received her support since the decision- making period before the application for the doctoral programme and she gave countenance to every phase of the research. Also, l would like to thank Prof. Salvador Anton Clave (URV) for his contributions while l was developing the model and to Prof. Anna Mignosa (University of Catania/DISUM) for her hospitality and contributions during my research mobility stay for three months in Catania, Italy, Hon.Prof.(FH) Univ.Doz. Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Irfan Arikan (Krems University of Applied Sciences), Prof. Sultan Baysan (Aydın Adnan Menderes University) and Prof. Medet Yolal (Anadolu Universit) for their contribution for evaluation of dissertation. In addition, my colleague Itri Atay provided a considerable contribution to thesis project. Moreover, research group members Alan Quaglieri and Fiametta Brandajs and faculty member Ruben Aguado that l would like to acknowledge. In Turkey, The Chief Executive Officer of Olympos Prof. Bediha Yelda Uçkan (Anadolu University) and Art Historian Ass. Prof. Seçkin Evcim (Ordu University) with Mert Aslan and Olympos excavation team made a great amount of contribution during all stages of data gathering and thesis study. Prof. Semra Günay Aktaş (Anadolu University), Arturo Onufriev and Burhanettin Can helped a lot during the spatial analyses in QGIS, Arc GIS and ENVI. Without their support l could never handle with the GIS-based analyses of the orthographic data. l would like to thank to also Antonio Rapicavoli and Isabella Coppola for their hospitality and friendship during my research stay in Catania. In addition, I would UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI URBANIZATION PRESSURES IN PROTECTED HERITAGE SITES AND TOURISM-DRIVEN LANDSCAPE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPOS, TURKEY Barış Seyhan like to acknowledge to Botan Bilek for his contribution and support in every stage of research during last five years. Moreover, Rubias (David) and Çiğdem, Marc, Barra (Carlos) and Marina, Marco, Lau and Lana, Julian, Khalid, Julia Ibarz and Mona Huegel, Eloi Torruella, Manuel Mateo in Tarragona, Gülçin and Robin Rebecca Pietersma in Barcelona and John Davey in Czech Republic made contributions through their warm hospitality and friendships. Also, I have to thank to Hagop Savul for the cover photo of the dissertation and his precious observations about the case study area. A special thanks to Ülkü Coşkun (AnadoluUniversity) and Şenay Kaya (Anadolu University) for their contribution and support to tackle the excessive paperwork in Turkey during five years. I would like to acknowledge to Ali Savıcı and Ahmet Savıcı for their support, warm friendship and hospitality. Last but not least, l would like to thank to my beloved family for their limitless support and patience that I have felt every moment in my life. Sinan Sertel (the late); a friend, a colleague, a self-dedicated person for scientific research and protection in Olympos at the cost of his own life, this dissertation is dedicated to his memory. The research of this paper is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (POLITUR project.