Hydrogeology Mapping of NTS Mapsheet Saskatoon 73B Prepared for: M1890-1030109 April 2011 Hydrogeological Mapping of the Saskatoon 73B Area April 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Topography and Drainage ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Land Use ............................................................................................................................................... 7 3.0 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Stratigraphic Data Processing for Mapping ........................................................................................... 9 3.1.1 Stratigraphic Mapping (Interpretation) ............................................................................................. 10 3.2 Stratigraphic Database and Mapping Borehole Database ................................................................... 11 3.3 Areal Limit and Aquifer Vulnerability Index Maps ................................................................................ 11 3.3.1 Areal Limit Determination ................................................................................................................ 12 3.3.2 Aquifer Vulnerability ........................................................................................................................ 12 3.4 Groundwater Quality Data ................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Hydraulic Properties ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.6 Water Level Data ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.7 Groundwater and Surface Water Withdrawal Data .............................................................................. 19 3.8 Groundwater Availability ...................................................................................................................... 20 4.0 STRATIGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Regional Geological Setting ................................................................................................................ 21 4.2 Bedrock Deposits ................................................................................................................................ 24 4.2.1 The Lea Park Formation ................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2 The Judith River Formation ............................................................................................................. 25 4.2.3 The Bearpaw Formation ................................................................................................................. 25 4.3 Preglacial Drift Deposits ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.3.1 The Empress Group ........................................................................................................................ 26 4.4 Quaternary Drift Deposits .................................................................................................................... 27 4.4.1 The Sutherland Group .................................................................................................................... 27 4.4.2 The Saskatoon Group ..................................................................................................................... 30 5.0 HYDROGEOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 31 5.1 The Judith River Aquifer ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.1.1 Hydraulic Properties ........................................................................................................................ 34 5.1.2 Groundwater Flow ........................................................................................................................... 34 5.1.3 Groundwater Availability ................................................................................................................. 35 5.1.4 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................................... 35 5.1.5 Groundwater Vulnerability ............................................................................................................... 35 5.2 The Ardkenneth Aquifer ....................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.1 Hydraulic Properties ........................................................................................................................ 37 5.2.2 Groundwater Flow ........................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.3 Groundwater Availability ................................................................................................................. 37 5.2.4 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.5 Groundwater Vulnerability ............................................................................................................... 37 5.3 The Cruikshank Aquifer ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.3.1 Groundwater Flow ........................................................................................................................... 39 5.3.2 Groundwater Availability ................................................................................................................. 39 5.3.3 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................................... 39 5.3.4 Groundwater Vulnerability ............................................................................................................... 39 5.4 The Empress Group Aquifer ................................................................................................................ 39 5.4.1 Hydraulic Properties ........................................................................................................................ 40 1890-1030109 Page i Hydrogeological Mapping of the Saskatoon 73B Area April 2011 5.4.2 Groundwater Flow ........................................................................................................................... 40 5.4.3 Groundwater Availability ................................................................................................................. 43 5.4.4 Water Quality .................................................................................................................................. 43 5.4.5 Groundwater Vulnerability ............................................................................................................... 45 5.5 The Mennon Aquifer ............................................................................................................................ 45 5.5.1 Hydraulic Properties ........................................................................................................................ 45 5.5.2 Groundwater Flow ........................................................................................................................... 45 5.5.3 Groundwater Availability ................................................................................................................. 45 5.5.4 Groundwater Quality ....................................................................................................................... 46 5.5.5 Groundwater Vulnerability ............................................................................................................... 46 5.6 The Lower Dundurn Aquifer ................................................................................................................ 46 5.6.1 Hydraulic Properties ........................................................................................................................ 46 5.6.2 Groundwater Flow ..........................................................................................................................