the volume which ,his calamity had called forth, and, becoming shortly afterward stone blind, he purposely sought and soon found “the greater darkness still” in the battle of Crécy.American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology,Vol.7,p.5668-5670. Gye, Caroline see Mann, Dame Ida Caroline (1893-1983) Gyotoku, Tateo (1862-1945) Japanese Ophthalmologist and Congressman. He graduated from Kumamoto Medical School in 1886, and studied Ophthalmology under Prof. KOMOTO Jujiro at Tokyo University. On his return to Kumamoto, he taught Ophthalmology at Kumamoto Medical School. He studied in Germany during 1900-1901, in Berlin under Prof. J. Hirschberg, in Breslau under Prof. Uthoff, in Leipzig under Prof. Sattler, and in Vienna under Prof. Fuchs. After returning home, he founded Gyotoku Hospital which is maintained today by his descendants. He was elected to Congress as a member in 1917, and played the central role in the enactment of the Trachoma Prevention Act in 1919. This law was the basis for public health of the eye for almost half a century, the law having been repealed in 1983, since this blinding disease disappeared in Japan. Tateo Gyotoku (SM) Haab, Otto (1850-1931) Swiss ophthalmologist born in Wulflingen, Switzerland. Haab received his M.D. in 1875 at the University of Zürich, where he worked under Johann Friedrich→Horner, who´s successor as professor of ophthalmology (1886-1919) he became. He invented the Haab Ophthalmoscope. Haab was interested in pathological anatomy of the eye and made progresses especially in treatment of eye injuries; he identified a phenomenon later called Haab’s reflex (Korrespondenzblatt Schw. Ärzte 1886, 16:153), and designed a giant magnet for extracting foreign bodies from within the eye (1892). Haab wrote many books: Die wichtigsten Störungen des Gesichtsfeldes Breslau 1893. (in Hugo Magnus: Augenärztliche Unterrichtstafeln, Heft 5); Atlas und Grundriss der Ophthalmoskopie München 1895; American edition: An atlas of ophthalmoscopy H Translated and edited by Ernest Clark. New York 1895; English edition Atlas and epitome of ophthalmoscopy and ophthalmoscopic diagnosis London 1901, American ed.Philadelphia 1905; French edition, translated by A.Terson & A.Cuénod: Atlas manuel Otto Haab Otto Haab´s popular Atlas on ophthalmoscopy. d´ophtalmoscopie, Paris 1896; Atlas der Äusseren Krankheiten des Auges München 1899, 4th ed.1910, American edition: Atlas of the external diseases of the eye Philadelphia 1899; Das Glaukom und seine Behandlung (in Slg. Abh.Augenheilkunde Vol.4/issue 6-7) Halle 1902; Skizzenbuch zur Einzeichnung ophthalmoscopischer Beobachtungen 2.edition München 1895. Haab also contributed to Graefe-Saemisch´s Handbuch der 321 Augenheilkunde (2nd edition) and to Norris and Olliver´s System of the Diseases of the Eye. Albert.Fischer. AJO 15:71.JPW Haaf, Gerhard ten (1720-1791). Dutch surgeon and ophthalmologist. Haaf was born in 1720, he served for a time in the army, then settled in Rotterdam. Here in 1788 he was appointed Professor of Surgery in the College of Surgery. He was a brilliant teacher and a writer of some ability. His chief ophthalmologic writing was, “Korte Verhandeling Nopens de Nieuwe Wyze om de Cataracta te Genezen.”American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology,Vol.8,p.5673. Habershon, S. H. (1858-1915) British general physician from London, who paid considerable attention to ophthalmology. Son of the celebrated Dr. Samuel Osborne Habershon (author of “Diseases of the Stomach,” etc.) he became secretary of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom (from 1894-1897) and a member of the Council of the same body (1897-1900). He was for years the physician of William E. Gladstone, and, at the time of his death was senior physician to the Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, at Brompton. American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology,Vol.8, p.5673. The Ophthalmoscope, 1915,p.221. Habrahym. (fl.middle of the 13th century) A Jewish Saracen of Spain. He is specially remembered for having cured Alphonse de Poitiers, Count of Toulouse (1220-1271), of ocular affection, the exact nature of which is not known. On the recommendation of Raymond Gaucelm, Seigneur de Lunel, the count sent to Aragon for Habrahym, enclosing a safe conduct. Habrahym was immensely wealthy, and received large fees.American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology,Vol.8,p.5674. Habu, Genseki (1762-1848). Famous Japanese Ophthalmologist in the Edo Era, before the systematic import of Western Ophthalmology. He studied Dutch Medicine and served as the Ophthalmologist for Tokugawa Shyogun. He learned from Philipp Franz von SIEBOLD how to produce the mydriatic drug and became the first Ophthalmologist to use it for the treatment of eye diseases in Japan. According to FUKUSHIMA Giichi (see his Biography), the drug was the extract of Hyostyamus. He trained many Ophthalmologists and they played key roles in the evolution of modern Ophthalmology in Japan. (SM) Haddock, Charles W.(1856-1918) American ophthalmologist of Beverly, Mass. Was born in Beverly, and after a preliminary course of Study at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, he attended the Harvard Medical School, where he graduated with the class of 1879. From 1880-’82 he studied at Heidelberg and Vienna, and returning to America, practiced at Beverly with his father until the latter’s death. Then he studied the eye, ear, Genseki Habu nose, and throat in Boston, Philadelphia, and New York; and, beginning with 1892, devoted himself for nineteen years exclusively to ophthalmology and otolaryngology at Salem and Beverly, Mass. In 1915 he retired from practice.AJO 1919, 2:165-166 Haessler, Ferdinand Herbert (1890-1965) American ophthalmologist who was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and attended local schools, and later the University of Wisconsin where he received his B.A. degree in 1913. After a year of medicine, he received his M.D. degree from Johns Hopkins in 1916. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Alpha Omega Alpha. There followed internships at Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, and Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago; a year as pathologist at the City Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky; a year in the U. S. Army Medical Corps (1917-1918) and two years at the Rockefeller Institute. At this time, Dr. Haessler decided to study ophthalmology and spent two years in eye residency at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia. In 1922, he returned to Milwaukee, where he remained in private practice until his appointment as the first fulltime professor of ophthalmology at Marquette University Medical School in 1949. He continued in this capacity until his retirement 10 years later. In 1961 he and his wife, also a physician, moved to Alamo, California, where he died. While a competent ophthalmic surgeon, Dr. Haessler’s greatest professional interest was in the relation of the eye to general and neurologic diseases. He became a member of the American Ophthalmological Society in 1927, his thesis being “The functional blood in corneal vascularization.” He was also a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, the Association for Research in Ophthalmology and the American Medical Association. While not a prolific writer in the modern sense, Haessler published some 30 articles, three 322 textbooks, and one film. Two of his outstanding publications were the film, “Principles of immunology” (1950), and the book, Eye Signs in General Disease (1960). Another book he wrote was Ophthalmologic Diagnosis (1953). His greatest contribution to Ophthalmology was his long-time editorship of the abstract department of the American Journal of Ophthalmology. He joined the staff as a collaborator in 1929 and became abstract editor in 1945, serving until 1963. AJO 1966,61:357-358 Hagen, Sigurd (1885-1938) Norwegian ophthalmologist at the Eye Clinic in Oslo. Hagen was born in 1885, and he succeeded Hj. Schiötz in 1922. His interests extended to all parts of ophthalmology. His researches into the post operative development of detachment of the choroids and of the regeneration of the aqueous of the anterior chamber deserved notice as they were published in 1920 and 1921. He wrote on glaucoma, retinoscopy, transitory hypermetropia and diabetes mellitus, melanosarcoma of the choroid and other subjects. He gave one of the opening addresses at the XIIIth International Ophthalmological Congress “Etiology and not operative treatment of Glaucoma.” In June, 1937, he read a paper for the North of England Ophthalmological Society on a visit to Oslo. Professor Hagen was a very skilful operator, and he had obtained great experience during his work at the University Eye Clinic in Oslo and in his private practice. BJO 23,219,1938 Hager, Michael (1795-1866) Austrian surgeon, who devoted considerable attention to ophthalmology. Born at Hermannstadt in Siebenbürgen, he received his medical degree at Vienna in 1822, and, settling in Vienna, became Professor of Surgery at the Josephs Academy. Hager’s only ophthalmologic writing was “Ueber die Erhaltung der Augen und den Zweckmässigen Gebrauch der Brillen” (Wien, 1823). American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology,Vol.8,p.5675. Hagino, Ryutaro (1901-1977) Japanese Ophthalmologist, graduated from Nagoya University in 1927, who studied Ophthalmology under Prof. Ch OGUCHI, and was appointed Professor of Ophthalmology at the Research Institute of Environmental Medicine of Nagoya University in 1946. After retirement in 1956, he was made Professor Emeritus of Nagoya University and then invited to Nagoya City University as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology, the position he held until 1963, when he was elected the President of the Nagoya City University. He was an expert in the research of accommodation, and he gave a special lecture “Physiology of Accommodation and its Clinical Significance” at the 65th Congress of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society in 1961. After retirement from Nagoya City University, he was invited to Aichi Medical University, and was made the President of the University in April 1977: he died only 4 months after this appointment. (SM) Hagiwara, Hogara (1904-1969) Japanese Ophthalmologist.