INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA Systems Evaluation, Prediction, and Decision-Making Series Series Editor Yi Lin, PhD Professor of Systems Science and Economics School of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Grey Game Theory and Its Applications in Economic Decision-Making Zhigeng Fang, Sifeng Liu, Hongxing Shi, and Yi Lin ISBN 978-1-4200-8739-0 Hybrid Rough Sets and Applications in Uncertain Decision-Making Lirong Jian, Sifeng Liu, and Yi Lin ISBN 978-1-4200-8748-2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in China Yi Lin and Tao Lixin ISBN 978-1-4822-5207-1 Irregularities and Prediction of Major Disasters Yi Lin ISBN: 978-1-4200-8745-1 Measurement Data Modeling and Parameter Estimation Zhengming Wang, Dongyun Yi, Xiaojun Duan, Jing Yao, and Defeng Gu ISBN 978-1-4398-5378-8 Optimization of Regional Industrial Structures and Applications Yaoguo Dang, Sifeng Liu, and Yuhong Wang ISBN 978-1-4200-8747-5 Systems Evaluation: Methods, Models, and Applications Sifeng Liu, Naiming Xie, Chaoqing Yuan, and Zhigeng Fang ISBN 978-1-4200-8846-5 Systemic Yoyos: Some Impacts of the Second Dimension Yi Lin ISBN 978-1-4200-8820-5 Theory and Approaches of Unascertained Group Decision-Making Jianjun Zhu ISBN 978-1-4200-8750-5 Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications Sifeng Liu, Zhigeng Fang, Hongxing Shi, and Benhai Guo ISBN 978-1-4200-8741-3 INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest • Tao Lixin CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140930 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-5208-8 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Synopsis ................................................................................................................................xi Preface ............................................................................................................................... xiii Introduction ........................................................................................................................xv Authors ..............................................................................................................................xvii SECTION I THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 1 Criteria for Discovering Imbalances in Macroeconomic System Structures ................3 1.1 Systems Science and the Systemic Yoyo Model ........................................................ 4 1.1.1 What Is Systems Science? ........................................................................... 4 1.1.2 Development History of Systems Science ................................................... 5 1.1.3 Formation of Systemic Thoughts—The Elementary Stage .......................... 5 1.1.4 Quantitative Systems Science Developed for Applications .......................... 9 1.1.5 Construction of a Comprehensive Systems Science ....................................13 1.1.6 The Systemic Yoyo Model ..........................................................................15 1.1.6.1 Experiment #1: Feel the Vibe .....................................................19 1.1.6.2 Experiment #2: She Does Not Like Me! ................................... 20 1.2 A New Understanding of “Poverty Emerges from Surplus” ....................................21 1.2.1 Criterion for Finding Structural Imbalances in Economic Systems .......... 22 1.2.2 Criteria for Optimizing Structures of Macroeconomic Systems ................ 24 1.2.3 Strategic Optimization of Structures of Macroeconomic Systems ..............25 SECTION II REGIONS AND INDUSTRIES IN EAST, CENTRAL, AND WEST CHINA 2 Investment and Employment in East, Central, and West China ................................29 2.1 Regions of East, Central, and West China ............................................................. 29 2.1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 29 2.1.2 Current State of the Regional Economies of East, Central, and West China .........................................................................................31 2.1.3 The Main Results of this Section ...............................................................35 2.1.4 Achievements and Lessons of the Regional Economic Development ........ 36 2.1.5 Directions, Focuses, and Measures for Strategic Optimization ................. 42 v vi ◾ Contents 2.2 Economic Sectors of China.................................................................................... 44 2.2.1 Current State of Investment and Employment and Strategic Optimization....................................................................... 44 2.2.2 Shifts of Capital and Rural Labors: Keys of Optimization of Sectorial Structure ................................................................................ 46 3 East China: The Optimal Area ...................................................................................53 3.1 Regional Industries and Economic Sectors of the East ...........................................53 3.1.1 Current State of the Regional Economic Structure of East China .............53 3.1.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in East China .......................55 3.2 Shanghai.................................................................................................................57 3.2.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Shanghai ..............................................................................59 3.2.2 Investment and Employment in Shanghai’s Economic Sectors and Industries ............................................................................... 64 3.3 Guangdong Province ............................................................................................. 66 3.3.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Guangdong .................................................................. 68 3.3.2 Investment and Employment in Guangdong’s Economic Sectors and Industries ............................................................................... 73 3.4 Tianjin ................................................................................................................... 75 3.4.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Tianjin .........76 3.4.2 Investment and Employment in Tianjin’s Economic Sectors and Industries ............................................................................................81 3.5 Beijing ................................................................................................................... 83 3.5.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Beijing ..........85 3.5.2 Investment and Employment in Beijing’s Economic Sectors and Industries ........................................................................................... 90 3.6 Shandong Province ................................................................................................ 92 3.6.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Shandong ............................................................................................. 94 3.6.2 Investment and Employment in Shandong’s Economic Sectors and Industries ........................................................................................... 99 3.7 Hebei Province .....................................................................................................102 3.7.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Hebei .........103 3.7.2 Investment and Employment in Hebei’s Economic Sectors and Industries ..........................................................................................107